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Printer and log file administration

Printer and log file administration. Unit objectives Set up, manage, and use printers Understand the purpose of log files and how they’re administered. Topic A: Printer administration. Common Unix Printing System (CUPS). Creates Print Job File Several files Command output. continued.

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Printer and log file administration

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  1. Printer and log file administration Unit objectives • Set up, manage, and use printers • Understand the purpose of log files and how they’re administered

  2. Topic A: Printer administration

  3. Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) • Creates Print Job • File • Several files • Command output continued

  4. Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) • Print job • The lp command • specifies what to print • Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) • assigns print job a unique print job ID • places a copy of the print job into the print queue, provided the printer is accepting requests continued

  5. Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) • Once in queue, job is ready for printing • with printer disabled, cups prints an error message, leaves job in queue • with printer enabled, cups sends job to printer, deletes job from queue continued

  6. Printer administration, continued • Spooling • Accepting jobs into the print queue • /var/spool/cups • Printing • Sending jobs from queue to printer

  7. The print process

  8. Printer commands • See details about line printing system • lpstat –t • See list of all printers on system and status • Status commands • accept printer1 • Set printer1 to accept jobs • disable printer1 • set printer1 to not print • Jobs will go into queue, but not print • -r will sent message to users

  9. LPD Printing System • Older systems still use Line Printing Daemon (LPD) • Commands • lpr- print documents to print queue (like lp) • lpc-view status of printers • lpq-view print jobs in a queue • lprm-remove jobs, like cancel command

  10. Managing print jobs • lp –d printer1 /etc/inittab • Sends a copy of the /etc/inittab file to printer1 • -d lets you specify printer name • lpoptions command • lpoptions –d <printername> • Stored in /etc/cups/lpoptions file • Also PRINTER or LPDEST variables

  11. lp command options • See page 11-7 • Can send multiple files • Can pipe to lp command • lpstat • See print jobs you have queued

  12. Managing print jobs • Removing jobs • cancel p1-1 p1-2 • Use the cancel command with print job IDs • Restricting usage • lpadmin –u allow:root, user1 –u deny:all –d printer1 • Deny everyone but root and user1

  13. Configuring printers • cups daemon (cupsd) • Core printing component • Accepts jobs to queue and sends them to the printer • /etc/cups/cupsd.conf • Contains settings for cupsd • /etc/cups/printers.conf • Contains configuration for each printer • NOTE: • Printers are physical devices on the network or attached to a machine. However, we often refer to the queue name as the printer and vice versa. However, a printer can have multiple queues

  14. Printer Configuration Tool

  15. Creating a print queue

  16. Selecting a queue type

  17. Creating a network queue

  18. Selecting the printer model

  19. Post Creation • Print a test file • Settings can be edited through GUI

  20. Sharing a printer

  21. Topic B: Log file administration

  22. What is a log file • Log files • Contain information about the performance of system daemons • Appended by system daemons • /var/log • The directory that contains most log files

  23. Log files found in /var/log

  24. The system log daemon • System log daemon (syslogd) • Logs system events to various log files via information stored in /etc/syslog.conf • Creates /dev/log for daemons to write to • Syslog.conf format • facility.priority /var/log/logfile

  25. The system log daemon • Facility • Refers to the area of the system from which information is gathered • Priority • Importance of system information when logging system events

  26. Facilities used by system log daemon

  27. Priorities used by log daemon

  28. Managing log files • Don’t remove log files • But they do get big! Make a copy, or printout • Use a redirect to empty them out • logrotate command • Used to rotate log files • /etc/logrotate.conf • Used by the logrotate utility to specify rotation parameters for log files • How many logfiles…

  29. Managing log files • /etc/logrotate.d • More detailed log rotation information • logrotate is usually run by cron • Can manually run • logrotate logrotate.conf

  30. Unit summary • Set up, managed, and used printers • Learned about log files and how they are administered

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