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AP Biology

AP Biology. Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life. Properties of Life. Reproduction. Growth & Development. Order-Cells. Energy processing. Response. Regulation. Evolutionary adaptation. Themes connect the concepts of biology. Evolution-the Overarching Theme

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AP Biology

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  1. AP Biology Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

  2. Properties of Life Reproduction Growth & Development Order-Cells Energy processing Response Regulation Evolutionary adaptation

  3. Themes connect the concepts of biology • Evolution-the Overarching Theme • Emergent properties at each level of biology • Organisms interact with their environments • Structure and function are correlated • Cells are the basic units of life • Continuity of life is based on DNA • Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems • Science as a process of inquiry

  4. Science as a process of inquiry • Science=“to know” • At the heart of science is inquiry, a search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions.

  5. Discovery Science • Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data. • Inductive reasoning=we derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations. Peter Grant studying finches on the Galapagos Islands.

  6. Hypothesis-Based Science • Repeatable observations and testable hypothesis. • Hypothesis=a tentative answer to a well-framed question, based on experience and on the data available from discovery science.

  7. 2 Important Qualities of Scientific Hypotheses • 1. A hypothesis must be testable • 2. A hypothesis must be falsifiable; there must be some observation or experiment that could reveal if such an idea is actually not true.

  8. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy Slime molds-single celled organisms that live in colonies.

  9. Levels of Biological Organization

  10. Organisms interact with their environment • Organisms exchange matter and energy with their environment. • Both organism and environment are affected by the interactions between them.

  11. Energy Transfer-Life is an Open System Organisms continually interact with the environment Stuff goes in Stuff goes out Energy is used Entropy rules!

  12. Energy Utilization

  13. Form follows function Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.

  14. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things Plant cell Neural Cells Stem Cells

  15. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in DNA • DNA is the substance of genes, the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring. • The entire “library” of genetic instruction an organism inherits is called its genome.

  16. Inherited DNA directs development of an organism.

  17. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. • Such regulation is an example of the integration that makes living systems much greater than the sum of their parts.

  18. Evolution-the Overarching Theme

  19. Nothing in biology makes sense exceptin the light of evolution. — Theodosius Dobzhansky

  20. Evolution is the core theme of Biology-the one idea that makes sense of everything we know about living organisms.

  21. Natural Selection • Evolutionary adaptation is a product of natural selection

  22. Evolutionary adaptation is a product of natural selection

  23. Umbrella Concepts—Recurring Principles & Ideas

  24. Diversity & Unity—Dual Aspects of Life on Earth

  25. Evolution Explains Diversity & Unity • Unity-Evolutionary relationships connected to a common ancestor • Diversity-adaptations in different environments

  26. Why Study Themes of Biology? • Biology is an ever-expanding body of knowledge • too much to memorize it all • need to generalize • create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge • themes are fundamental in understanding the nature of living organisms

  27. Any Questions?

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