Air Quality and Climate Change Challenges in California and the Bay Area

1. Air Quality and Climate Change Challenges in California and the Bay Area Presentation to the Power Association of Northern California (PANC) City Club of San Francisco March 17, 2015 Jack P. Broadbent Executive Officer/Air Pollution Control Officer

2. Bay Area Air QualityManagement District (BAAQMD) • Established in 1955 • 100+ cities • 7 million people • 5 million vehicles • Mission: To protect and improve public health, air quality, and the global climate

3. Mission Statement Vision A healthy breathing environment for every Bay Area resident. Mission To protect and improve public health, air quality, and the global climate.

4. Summary of Ozone Seasons(April through October) Spare the Air Alerts: 5/12, 5/13, 5/14, 6/8, 6/9, 7/25, 8/1, 9/11, 9/12, 10/3 Days > 0.075 ppm 8-hour NAAQS: 4/30, 5/1, 5/14, 10/4, 10/5

5. Ozone Exceedance Trends 1968 to Present

6. Winter PM2.5Seasons(November through February) • Spare the Air Alert Called for: 11/9, 11/25, 11/26, 11/27, 12/28, 12/29, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, 1/11, 1/12, 1/15, 1/16, 1/17, 1/24, 1/25, 2/3 • Days > 35 µg/m3 24-hr NAAQS: 1/3, 1/6, 1/8, 1/14, 1/15, 1/16

7. PM2.5Exceedance Trends 2000 to Present

8. Disproportionately Impacted Communities

9. Current Perspective Air Quality in the Bay Area • Much progress has been made • Still need to drive down emission to achieve State / Federal standards • Strong public support for reducing emissions from major sources • Strong support for GHG reductions

10. Tools • Regulations • Incentives • Education and Outreach

11. Recent Key Efforts • Commuter Benefits Program • Implementation of AB 32 Programs • Cement, Metal Melting Operations

12. Current Rulemaking Efforts • Refinery Emissions Tracking and Mitigation • Refinery Emissions Reduction Strategy • 20% reduction in emissions by 2020 • Additional 20% reduction in health risk by 2020

13. Multiple Amendments for Refinery Operations

14. Regulation 12-15 and 12-16 • Regulation 12, Rule 15: Petroleum Refining Emissions Tracking • Upgraded reporting of air pollutants, including GHG • Report crude oil characteristics • Updated refinery-wide Health Risk Assessments • Enhanced fence line and community air monitoring • Regulation 12, Rule 16, Petroleum Refining Emissions Analysis, Thresholds and Mitigation • Causal analysis if emissions increase significantly above baseline • Mitigation plan to reduce emissions to levels consistent with baseline within two years

15. Back-Up Generator Rule (BUG) • 6,700 back-up generators permitted in the Air District • 40% of these predate EPA emissions standards • A subset of these older, dirtier engines pose potential health risks due to nearby sensitive receptors • Upcoming rule will impose PM emissions controls on older engines near sensitive receptors • Expected reduction of black carbon will help protect climate

16. Current Rules Directed at Power Generation Regulation 9, Rule 9: Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide from Stationary Gas Turbines

17. GHG Emission Reduction Efforts • Two region-wide GHG reduction planning efforts: • Air District’s Regional Climate Protection Strategy • Air District’s regional goal - reduce Bay Area GHG emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 • Framework for how the Air District will lead the region in making progress toward this goal • Included in Air District’s 2015 • Clean Air Plan

18. GHG Reduction Efforts • Plan Bay Area – prepared by regional partners MTC & ABAG • Collaborative effort to reduce GHG emissions from light duty vehicles • Required by state legislation (SB 375), integrates land use/housing and transportation planning Total Bay Area GHG Emissions 2011: 86 MMT/year • GHG reduction targets: 7% per capita by 2020; 15% per capita by 2035 • Adopted in 2013; next update underway for 2016-217

19. Getting to 2050 California’s Path to 2050 • Requires transformational change that must occur at the national, state, regional and local levels • How will the Bay Area Air District complement the State of California’s actions in meeting this target?

20. Regional Climate Protection Strategy • Key elements of the Strategy: • Background on climate action planning • Climate change impacts to the Bay Area • Regional GHG inventory & projections • Economic sector GHG analyses • Strategies & actions moving forward • Integration with strategies to reduce air pollution What is the best role for the Air District?

21. Economic GHG Sector Analysis • The heart of the Strategy will assess GHG emissions in nine economic sectors: • Agriculture • Natural & Working Lands • Energy • Transportation • Stationary Sources • Short-lived Climate Pollutants • Green Buildings • Water • Waste • Through a sector-by-sector analysis of: • Major GHG sources & trends • Analysis of federal, state, regional, and local GHG reduction policies • GHG reduction priorities and strategic opportunities for the Air District • Best role and value added by the Air District

22. Incentives for Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations • Vehicles For Public Agencies (Available Now): • $2,500 for light-duty electric and hydrogen fuel cell (H2) vehicles, and zero emissions motorcycles; • $1,000 for light-duty plug-in hybrids and $500 for neighborhood electric vehicles • Charging Stations (scheduled to open mid-May 2015) • Level 2, Level 1, and DC Fast chargers at key destination sites, workplaces, multi-unit dwellings, and along major transportation corridors • Electric and H2 light-duty fleets and heavy-duty vehicles (scheduled to open by July 2015)

23. PG&E Application • PG&E has applied to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) for permission to build in its Northern and Central California service territory: • ~25,000 Level 2 electric vehicle chargers (at multi-family dwellings, retail centers, and workplaces) • ~ 100 DC Fast Chargers (in metropolitan areas) • Cost would be “shared” by all electric customers (PG&E estimates that a typical residential customer would pay about 70 cents more per month over the period 2018 to 2022.) • CPUC is currently reviewing 2 similar proposals(from SDGE and SCE) and is expected to make a determination on those in late 2015. CPUC is NOT expected to begin rulemaking on PG&E’s application until 2016.

24. Spare the Air Winter Spare the Air Results • 30% of Bay Area households reduced their wood burning • Support for the Wood Burning Rule remains strong and consistent over the past three seasons at 75%. Summer Spare the Air Results • DECREASE in the number of motorists driving alone in their car • 2012 = 55.1% • 2013 = 52.7% • 2014 = 49.7% • INCREASE in the number of motorists who carpool • 2012 = 20.7% • 2013 = 20.8% • 2014 = 25.9%

25. Summary Perspective • Air District’s Spare the Air programs continue to demonstrate results – key component of clean air strategy • Continue multi-faceted approach toward achieving clean air goals through a combination of regulations, outreach, incentives, guidance & tools, and collaborations • Climate change continues to be a significant and growing focus of our clean air strategy in the Bay Area

26. Climate Rulemaking • Rules that address various GHG emissions: • Regulation 3, Schedule T: Greenhouse Gas Fee • Regulation 9, Rule 7: Nitrogen Oxides & Carbon Monoxide from Industrial, Institutional & Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators & Process Heaters • Regulation 12, Rule 7: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioner Refrigerants • Regulation 12, Rule 11: Flare Monitoring

27. Climate Rulemaking • Regulation 8 Rules that reduce Methane: • Rule 10: Process Vessel Depressurization • Rule 18: Equipment Leaks • Rule 28: Episodic Releases from Pressure Relief Devices at Petroleum Refineries & Chemical Plants • Rule 34: Solid Waste Disposal Sites • Rule 37: Natural Gas & Crude Oil facilities • Rule 44: Marine Vessel Loading Terminals • Rule 53: Vacuum Truck Operations

28. Questions? Contact informationJack P. Broadbentjbroadbent@baaqmd.gov415-749-5052