1 / 24

The definition and scope of mental health problems

Mental Health Loss. The definition and scope of mental health problems. Scott Kane Clinical Academic L ecturer Abertay University. Session Outline. How mental health problems are defined The historical development of the concept of mental illness and disorder

cwinkfield
Download Presentation

The definition and scope of mental health problems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mental Health Loss The definition and scope of mental health problems Scott Kane Clinical Academic Lecturer Abertay University SK/2017

  2. Session Outline • How mental health problems are defined • The historical development of the concept of mental illness and disorder • Stigma • Models of mental illness • Epidemiology of mental health problems • Common mental health problems SK/2017

  3. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? • W.H.O. DEFINITION: • “Mental health is a state of well being resulting from being in CONTROL over one’s own life” SK/2017

  4. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? • It is usually possible to say definitely whether someone is suffering from a particular physical problem. • An x-ray shows a # • lab tests reveal the presence or absence of bacteria. SK/2017

  5. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? • For most forms of mental illness it is not possible to obtain physical proof of illness. • How do we therefore identify mental ill health? • Generally it can only be deduced from the way a person: feels, thinks, behaves or sees the world. • We don’t have access to peoples minds in order to confirm a diagnosis. SK/2017

  6. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? • Mental illness is then suspected when these aspects of a person’s life are ‘abnormal’. • Just because someone feels depressed doesn’t mean they are mentally ill/disordered. • Similarly, no one leads an anxiety free life. • In addition, what may be seen as eccentric behaviour need not be interpreted as a sign of mental illness. • This in itself however raises another question. • What is ‘normal’? SK/2017

  7. What Is Normal ? • Being like the majority • Autonomous functioning • Accurate reality perception • Regulated moods • Adequate interpersonal relationships SK/2017

  8. Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder – • A condition in which behaviour is judged : • Atypical (not enough in itself) • Disturbing (varies with time & culture) • Maladaptive (harmful) • Unjustifiable (sometimes there’s a good reason) SK/2017

  9. Historical Perspective • Perceived Causes : • Movements of sun or moon – lunacy/full moon • Evil spirits • Ancient treatments – exorcism, caged, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, trepanned. SK/2017

  10. Stigma • Medieval - Woman who were thought to be promiscuous had the letter A branded on their forehead (A= Adulteress) • 16th & 17th centuries - mental illness considered to be a sign of witchcraft or possessed by the devil! • Jews in the 2nd world war had to wear armbands to identify themselves. • These marks/labels set people apart from “normal society” resulting in rejection. • Associating with such individuals increased the risk of being branded “one of them” SK/2017

  11. Stigma • Questions: • Why does stigma exist? • Why is it attached to illnesses such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia? • Why do we need to seclude some members of society? SK/2017

  12. Stigma • Answer - as humans we don’t deal very well with mysteries. • Particularly with things we can’t see, feel, taste or measure. • We need scientific explanations. • If we cannot find these answers we invent myths to explain them. • So why is mental illness different? • There is no simple answer. What does seem certain however is that stigma exists and that it’s irrational. SK/2017

  13. See me …. LETS STOP THE STIGMA OF MENTAL ILL HEALTH Scottish campaign on anti-stigma - see the person not the label. SK/2017

  14. Psychological Disorders Epidemiology • One in four people will experience a mental health problem this year. • In Scotland over 300 mental health consultations for every 1000 people seen in practice during a year • These are predominantly depression or anxiety SK/2017

  15. Epidemiology contd. • Depressionis the commonest contributing diagnosis for Scots visiting their GP. • Antidepressants were dispensed to 814,181 patients in 2014/15. Since 2009/10, use of antidepressants has increased by 28.5%. • On discharge from psychiatric inpatient stay, main diagnosis for women was mood disorders, for men was behavioural disorders due to alcohol/drug use. SK/2017

  16. Medical: Early recognition Information about illness & treatment Medical care Psychological support Hospitalisation Rehabilitation : Social support Education Day care Long term care Community : Avoidance of stigma & discrimination Full social participation Human rights Needs of People with Mental Illness SK/2017

  17. 1.What % of employers would consider employing someone with a mental health problem? A. 25%. B. 37%. C. 52%. D. 4%. 2. In the last 50 years, the % of murders committed by people with mental health problems has: A. Fallen steadily. B. Stayed the same. C. Risen slightly. D. Risen a lot. WISE UP TO MENTAL HEALTH SK/2017

  18. 3.How many people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year? A. One person per 100. B. One person in 50. C. One person in 10. D. One person in 4. 4. What % of people with mental health problems recover and get on with their lives? A. 99%. B. 5% C. 70%. D. 33%. WISE UP TO MENTAL HEALTH SK/2017

  19. 5. What % of people with mental health problems identified stigma as a barrier to employment? A. 55% b. 67% c. 27% d. 47% 6. In 2016, The highest suicide rate in the UK was for: A. men aged 40–44. B. Women aged 18-25. C. Both men and women aged 60+. D. Men aged 25 and under. WISE UP TO MENTAL HEALTH SK/2017

  20. 7. What % of people with a mental health problem would be embarrassed to disclose to a prospective employer? A. 49%. B. 64%. C. 98%. D. 19% 8. What % of homicides are committed by people who have not been diagnosed with a mental health problem. A. 46%. B. 86% C. 95% D. 26% WISE UP TO MENTAL HEALTH SK/2017

  21. 9. Which group of people is most likely to be a danger to the public? A. People with mental health problems. B. Young women under the influence of alcohol. C. Young men under the influence of alcohol. D. Students on SWAP Access to Nursing programmes? 10. Which of these groups is unlikely to experience mental health problems? A. Doctors. B. People under the age of 25. C. People who live in rural areas. People with high incomes. WISE UP TO MENTAL HEALTH SK/2017

  22. What Do We Mean By Abnormal Behaviour ? Five components of abnormal behaviour have been identified : • Statistical Infrequency • Violation of norms • Personal distress • Maladaptive • Medical Disorder. SK/2017

  23. Epidemiology contd. Schizophrenia : Tayside - being cared for by NHS Tayside = 559 people between ages 16-65 years. Population around 450,000 SK/2017

  24. Needs of People with Mental Illness (contd) Family : • Skills for care • Networking with families • Crisis support • Financial support • Respite care. SK/2017

More Related