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Napoleon As Emperor

Napoleon As Emperor. “Great ambition is the passion of a great character. He who is endowed with it, may perform either very great actions, or very bad ones; all depends upon the principles which direct him.” ---Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Becomes Emperor.

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Napoleon As Emperor

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  1. Napoleon As Emperor “Great ambition is the passion of a great character. He who is endowed with it, may perform either very great actions, or very bad ones; all depends upon the principles which direct him.” ---Napoleon Bonaparte

  2. Napoleon Becomes Emperor • 1804, Napoleon declared himself Emperor and took complete control of France.

  3. Conflict with Britain • France and Britain signed a treaty in 1802 to halt fighting between the nations. • By 1805, Napoleon wanted to break the treaty and invade Britain. • Battle of Trafalgar—Napoleon attempted a naval invasion of Britain but was defeated.

  4. Continental System • Napoleon tried to weaken Britain economically • He forbade his conquered lands to trade with Britain • Britain responded by blockading ships headed towards European ports • Britain maintained control of the seas, and the French economy suffered from the Continental System

  5. Napoleon’s Empire • By 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe • He controlled land from the Russian border down to Spain

  6. Nationalism • Napoleon’s dominance in Europe created a strong sense of nationalism in conquered territories-pride in one’s country & desire for self-rule • In 1812, Spanish nationalists overthrew French forces and reinstated their old king

  7. Conflict with Russia • 1811, Russia resumed trade with Britain and prepared to fight with France • 1812, Napoleon assembled 600,000 men to invade Russia • Russia adopted the Scorched-Earth Policy—to destroy everything before the French could seize it.

  8. Russia continued… • By the time the French retreated from Russia, 400,000 men had died of starvation, exposure to the extreme Russian winter, or battle wounds. • October 1813, Russia, Prussia and Austria joined together to defeat France.

  9. Napoleon’s Demise • March 1814, Napoleon was forced to abdicate and power was restored to Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) • Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba and French borders were restored to where they had been prior to 1792

  10. Napoleon’s Defeat • March 1, 1815 Napoleon returned to France and won the support of many people • The Hundred Days: the period Napoleon ruled but claimed no more territorial claims • June 1815 Britain, Prussia and the Netherlands began an invasion towards France • Napoleon met them in Waterloo (Netherlands) • Napoleon was easily defeated and placed under house arrest on the island of St. Helena. He died there in 1821.

  11. Napoleon’s Legacy • Stopped the French Revolution • Spread ideas of equality before the law • Religious toleration • Advancement by merit rather than birth • Reformed tax system • Promoted education • Improved agriculture and industry

  12. Europe After Napoleon • Congress of Vienna: Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia met in Vienna (1815) • Wanted to work out a peace agreement for Europe • Hoped to restore balance of power in Europe by changing national borders and settling disputes among nations

  13. Europe after 1815 • As a result of the Congress of Vienna, France lost all territory that had been conquered by Napoleon • Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain divided up the territory amongst themselves

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