Introduction of Chemistry

1. Introduction of Chemistry What is chemistry?

2. Chemistry • The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

3. What is Matter • Matter - anything that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

4. All Matter exists in 3 states • Solid - matter with a definite shape and volume • Liquid - matter with no definite shape but has volume • Gas - matter has neither shape nor volume but has mass

5. 3 Phases of Matter • All matter can be found in 1 of the 3 states (mainly dependent upon temperature)

6. 3 Phases of Matter (Continued) • Solids • Atoms/Molecules vibrate and tend to move very little.

7. 3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d) • Liquids • Atoms/Molecules move freely though out the liquid. • Bounce off each other and wall of container that the liquid is touching.

8. 3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d) • Gas • Atoms/Molecules will move freely through out the container they are stored in. • (Bounce off each other and container walls)

9. Intro. to Chemistry: • Properties both physical and chemicals come from the actual structure of the element’s atom or atomic design

10. Purest Form of Matter • Element • Element - one of the basic substances that combine to form all other substances; a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

11. Properties of Matter • Physical • Chemical

12. Properties that are observed with the senses and can be found without destroying matter Color Length Mass Odor Shape Melting Point/Boiling Point Density Ductility Malleability Conductivity Physical

13. Physical (Cont’d) • Density • Density = Mass/Volume • Helps determine if a substance will sink or float within a liquid. • Ductility • The ability of a metal to be stretched into a long thin wire.

14. Physical (Cont’d) • Malleability • The ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets. • Conductivity • The ability of a material to pass electrical currents though itself.

15. Properties that show how matter reacts to other matter; end matter is different than original matter and has unique physical properties Stable/Unstable “All atoms want to obtain a full outer shell of electrons to become stable” Chemical

16. Chemical Examples • Burning • Corrosion (Rusting) • Tarnishing • Reaction with Acids/Bases

17. ATOM • Smallest division of an element that retains all the physical and chemical characteristics of the element. • Particles that make up atoms can not be see with an optical microscope. • Too small!

18. 3 Major Parts of an Atom • Proton - “positive” charge found in nucleus. • Neutron - “neutral” charge particle in nucleus. • Electron - “negative” charge particle found around nucleus.

19. Atom Facts: • Atoms were first thought of by the Greeks over 2,400 years ago. Atom name comes from Greek meaning “indivisible”