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RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT. How he found out how atoms were put together. In 1911 it was known that things were made from atoms, and that atoms had positive (+) and negative (-) charges.

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RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

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  1. RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT How he found out how atoms were put together

  2. In 1911 it was known that things were made from atoms, and that atoms had positive (+) and negative (-) charges.

  3. They thought that atoms were solid little balls of positive charge, with even smaller electrons of negative charge stuck in them.

  4. This was the “Plum Pudding” model Spread out positive charge Electron (negative charge)

  5. In 1911 Rutherford designed an experiment to find out about the structure of an atom. He fired alpha particles at a very thin piece of gold leaf.

  6. He expected them all to go straight through……. detector alpha particles gold leaf

  7. But some bounced straight back…………. detector alpha particles gold leaf

  8. And some were deflected…………. detector alpha particles gold leaf

  9. From this he worked out two things……..

  10. 1. Atoms were mostly empty space apart from a solid centre, or nucleus.This is why some particles bounced back.

  11. Empty space Solid nucleus

  12. 2. The nucleus has a positive charge, which is why the positively charged alpha particles are repelled if they get too close.

  13. Repelled by positively charged nucleus Empty space Solid nucleus

  14. If the nucleus has all the positive charge, then the negatively charged electrons must be away from the nucleus.

  15. This is how we get Rutherford’s model of the atom Positive charge concentrated at the centre Electron (negative charge)

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