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FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR QUALITY

FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR QUALITY. DEPOSITION LAYERS. Sahara Dust Storm. NASA Astronaut Photo. Sahara Dust Cloud. Sahara Dust Transport to North America, July. Sahara Dust Plume. Sahara Dust Plume.

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FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR QUALITY

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  1. FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR QUALITY

  2. DEPOSITION LAYERS

  3. Sahara Dust Storm NASA Astronaut Photo

  4. Sahara Dust Cloud

  5. Sahara Dust Transport to North America, July Sahara Dust Plume Sahara Dust Plume • In July (1998) elevated levels of absorbing aerosol (Sahara Dust) reaches the Gulf of Mexico and evidently, enters the continent . • High TOMS dust levels are seen along the US-Mexican borders, reaching New Mexico. Higher levels also cover the Caribbean Islands and S. Florida. • Another patch of absorbing aerosol (local dust?) is seen over the Colorado Plateau, well separated from the Sahara dust.

  6. SeaWiFS, TOMS, Bext May 16, 1998

  7. Easterly View of Grand Canyon from Desert View Watch Tower

  8. Westerly View from Desert View Watch Tower

  9. Clouds Evaporate Leaving Sulfate Haze

  10. Clouds Evaporated Leaving Sulfate Haze

  11. Next Day After Haze is Blown Out

  12. Preserve and Protect “…conserve [natural and cultural resources]…as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” (NPS Organic Act) “Wilderness areas…shall be administered…in such a manner as will leave them unimpaired for future use and enjoyment as wilderness…” (Wilderness Act of 1964) “…preserve, protect and enhance the air quality in national parks, national wilderness areas, national monuments, national seashores…” (Clean Air Act as amended in 1977) “In cases of doubt the land manager should err on the side of protecting the air quality-related values for future generations.” (Senate Report No. 95-127, 95th Congress, 1977) [Rocky Mountain NP should be managed for] “…preservation of the natural conditions and the scenic beauties thereof.” (1915 park enabling legislation)

  13. Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide Ozone Water Some Important Molecules

  14. Ammonium Ammonia Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrate Sulfate Sulfur Dioxide PRIMARY SECONDARY

  15. Sulfur Dioxide Sulfate Ammonium Sulfate Particle Ammonia Ammonium + Water

  16. Methane Pentane Organic Molecules Dicarboxylic Acid (Adipic acid)

  17. DOESN’T TAKE MUCH TO MESS WITH THIS MOLECULE

  18. Dieldrin DDT AGENT ORANGE

  19. TOXICS Carbamates aldicarb · bendiocarb · carbaryl · carbofuran · ethienocarb · fenoxycarb · fenobucarb · propoxur Inorganic compounds aluminium phosphide · boric acid · chromated copper arsenate · copper arsenate · copper cyanide · diatomaceous earth · lead hydrogen arsenate · Paris Green · Scheele's Green aldrin · beta-HCH · carbon tetrachloride · chlordane · cyclodiene · 1,2-DCB · 1,4-DCB · 1,1-DCE · 1,2-DCE · DDD · DDE · DDT · dicofol · dieldrin · endosulfan · endrin · heptachlor · kepone · lindane · methoxychlor · mirex · tetradifon · toxaphene Organochlorides Acephate · azinphos-methyl · bensulide · chlorethoxyfos · chlorfenvinphos · chlorpyrifos · chlorpyrifos-methyl · coumaphos · demeton-S-methyl · diazinon · dicrotophos · diisopropyl fluorophosphate · dimethoate · dioxathion · disulfoton · ethion · ethoprop · fenamiphos · fenitrothion · fenthion · fosthiazate · isoxathion · malathion · methamidophos · methidathion · mevinphos · monocrotophos · naled · omethoate · oxydemeton-methyl · parathion · parathion-methyl · phorate · phosalone · phosmet · phostebupirim · phoxim · pirimiphos-methyl · temefos · terbufos · tetrachlorvinphos · tribufos · trichlorfon Organophosphorus Pyrethroids allethrin · bifenthrin · cyhalothrin · cypermethrin · cyfluthrin · deltamethrin · etofenprox · lambda-cyhalothrin · permethrin · phenothrin · prallethrin · pyrethrin · pyrethrum · resmethrin · tetramethrin · tralomethrin · transfluthrin Other acetamiprid · amitraz · azadirachtin · chlorfenapyr · clothianidin · cyromazine · fenoxycarb · fenvalerate · fipronil · hydramethylnon · imidacloprid · limonene · lufenuron · nitenpyram · nithiazine · pyriproxyfen · sesamex · spinosad · tebufenpyrad · thiacloprid · thiamethoxam · veracevine · xanthone oxon · Paraoxon · TCPy Metabolites

  20. Sources

  21. Sources of Primary Gases Important to Secondary Particle Formation

  22. Anthropogenic Wind Blown Dust Roads, Over Grazing, Farming practices, Mining Biomass Burning Land Clearing Practices Emissions from fossil fuel combustion Fly Ash Condensation of Hot Vapors Naturally Occurring Wind Blown Dust Deserts Volcanoes Fires Plant Particles (pollen) Sea Salt Spray (NaCl) Sources of Primary Particles

  23. END!

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