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Jyl Wheaton-Abraham Chels Marshall

Jyl Wheaton-Abraham Chels Marshall . NOBODYZ TRASH MARINE DEBRIS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE . CONNECTING PEOPLE & O C E A N S Pollution, Indigenous People and the Marine Environment . Somebodies Choice. Recycle . Somebody MANUFACTURES. Somebody MARKETING TURES. Somebody SELLING .

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Jyl Wheaton-Abraham Chels Marshall

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  1. Jyl Wheaton-Abraham Chels Marshall NOBODYZ TRASH MARINE DEBRIS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

  2. CONNECTING PEOPLE & OCEANSPollution, Indigenous People and the Marine Environment

  3. Somebodies Choice Recycle Somebody MANUFACTURES Somebody MARKETING TURES Somebody SELLING Somebody CONSUMING NOBODYZTRASH DESIGN DISCARD Somebody USING Somebody DESIGN D Somebody DEMAND D Somebody PRODUCTION D Land Fill

  4. The modern trend is for all nearly all consumer goods to contain and/or be contained by plastic. • Major drivers of plastic use include inexpensive production costs, prolonged shelf life for foods, and mass production capability. • Disposable plastics are the main source of plastic pollution

  5. Our watery world is “drowning” in marine debris • This has received worldwide attention with the discovery of the GreatPacific Garbage Patch • a floating “continent” of plastics (mostly) • 1 760 000 square kilometres in size (bigger than Qld = 1 730 648 km2) • 100 million tonnes of debris

  6. Source: http://questgarden.com/104/43/7/100603110329/t-index.htm

  7. Marine Debris is a GLOBAL Problem • However, debris is not just confined to the North Pacific Gyre • Widespread issue across the globe • Massive impacts on: • human health • biology and ecology or marine organisms • local, regional and worldwide economies

  8. Debris Facts and Figures • “any manufactured or processed solid waste material (typically inert) that enters the marine environment from any source whether on land or at sea” (APEC, 2009) • ~ 6.4 million tonnes of debris reach the ocean every year (UNEP, 2005) • ~ 8 million items are discarded into the sea every day (UNEP 2005)

  9. Plastics are the most prevalent debris items (~60-80% of total) • ~ 80% of marine debris enters the ocean from land-based sources • ~ 20% from ships/marine sources • Discarded Fishing Gear (DFG) is a major part of ship-sourced debris

  10. Shipping • propeller fouling, blocked cooling fittings etc. • Fishing • reduced catches • sorting debris from catches (time costs) • Tourism • lost income due to aesthetic and health issues • barrier to new investment • Estimated cost of US $1.265 billionin 2008

  11. Wildlife Impacts • Entanglement • Ingestion • Smothering • Loss of Habitat • Changes or Loss in biodiversity Photo: Ramon Dominquez Neri

  12. Contamination of water supplies • Leaching of toxic chemicals from plastics • General loss of wellbeing if environment is fouled

  13. While scientists and industries call for further research, plastic marine debris continues to accumulate.

  14. Individual Communities Global

  15. Plastic Pollution and Political Ecology • Many indigenous communities have customs and beliefs, and often live in conditions which increase their exposure to plastic marine debris in the world ocean. Power imbalances due to factors such as wealth, age, gender, beliefs, and race. The politics of environmental change. Human/environmental relations including how power relations can determine human use and access to an environment.

  16. Marine Plastic Debris and Indigenous Communities Photo Source: Scott Dickerson Photo Source: Scott Dickerson

  17. Participation and Capacity-Building • “Difficulties arose in Alaska and Hawaii, when groups…did not follow through due in some part to cultural issues…Future efforts [will] require a significant endorsement of the local tribal communities in Alaska, and special attention in Hawaii to cultural concerns on the various islands,” (Ocean Conservancy, 2007). • Health, economic, and environmental concerns of indigenous people may be prioritized differently than traditional research models. • Concerns may have strong connections to spirituality and cultural practice, which is not often considered nor studied.

  18. Participatory Mapping • Combines modern cartographic tools with community participatory methods. • Capture the local perspective of the place where we live and the elements that are important within that place. • Expression of local spatial knowledge in a geographic framework that is easy to understand and universally recognized.

  19. Rottnest Island

  20. Rottnest Island 13.3 49.3 81.0 28.0 141.5 23.8 67.3 154.0 12.3 15.5 20.8 49.0 189.3 39.3 174.4 142.0 Items per 50m of beach

  21. www.databasin.org www.databasin.org/groups/d0a624e24d934ab99f189bc1fc6d146e Data Basin is a free online data sharing and mapping application used by communities, students and educators, natural resource practitioners and scientists interested in environmental issues around the world.

  22. 7,675 public datasets 873 public maps 171 public groups 5,983 members

  23. Barriers to Overcome • Lack of Understanding of the Problem • The Prevalence and Persistence of Plastic Photo source: Surfrider

  24. Photo: Francis R. Malasig Every bit of plastic ever made still exists.

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