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Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Types of Sonnets. Elizabethan (Shakespearean) Popularized by Shakespeare Four main figures to whom he is writing: the poet/speaker, his friend/sponsor, his mistress, a rival poet Petrarchan (Italian)
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Types of Sonnets • Elizabethan (Shakespearean) • Popularized by Shakespeare • Four main figures to whom he is writing: the poet/speaker, his friend/sponsor, his mistress, a rival poet • Petrarchan (Italian) • Petrarch wrote his sonnets for a woman named Laura, whom he admired but never attained. • Courtly Love
Main Themes of Sonnets • Meditations on Love • Fortune (Fate) • Death • Time • Power of Poetry • Twelve lines of the sonnet present an idea or problem, followed by two lines that finish or resolve it.
Shakespeare’s Sonnet Series • Wrote 154 published sonnets • VERY specific rhyme scheme and rhythm • 14 Lines in a sonnet • Iambic Pentameter • 3 quatrains + 1 rhyming couplet • Quatrain = four lines (3x4=12) • Couplet = a pair of lines ending with rhyming words (2) • 12+2=14
Elizabethan Rhyme Scheme • Quatrain 1 • ABAB • Quatrain 2 • CDCD • Quatrain 3 • EFEF • Couplet • GG
Petrarchan Rhyme Scheme • One octave (eight lines) • abbaabba • One sestet (six lines) • cdcdcd • cdecde
Rhyme Scheme • IAMB – two syllables, unstressed followed by stressed • TROCHEE- two syllables, stressed then unstressed • ANAPEST- three syllables, two unstressed with stress on the third • DACTYL – three syllables, first is stressed, last two unstressed
Literary Devices • Simile – comparison of two unlike things using like or as for the comparison • Metaphor – comparison of two unlike things without using like or as (one thing IS the other) • Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds • Assonance – repetition of vowel sounds • Personification – giving human characteristics to non-human entities • Imagery – using words that stir a response in one or more of the five senses • Blazon – to adorn or embellish; flattering description of a woman’s body parts
Practice • One day while I was sitting in my class • For homework: • If I had never had you in my life • The only thing you never said to me