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Views of Animal Phylogeny. Ernst Haeckel. Nielsen (2001). Brusca and Brusca (2003). Halanych (2004). recent. traditional. Edgecomb et al. (2011).
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Halanych (2004) recent traditional
Tree produced by maximum-likelihood analysis of the EST Set. The tree was produced from a matrix consisting of 242 genes and 104,840 amino acid characters. J F Ryan et al. Science 2013;342:1242592 Published by AAAS
Xiao and Laflamme (2009) Modular Ediacara fossils. (A) Three incomplete specimens of the erniettomorph fossil Pteridiniumcomposed of tubular modular units. (B) Pteridinium with nine modular units (right side of fossil). (C) ErniettomorphErnietta with module infilling. (D) Magnified section of the specimen in the boxed section in C, with arrows highlighting sediment infill. (E) Rangeomorph fossil Rangea with fractal modules (bracket on the right). (F) Rangea with three primary fractal modules (large modules on the left) and three smaller subsidiary modules tucked in between the larger modules. (G) RangeomorphFractofususwith 16 fractal modules on either side of the longitudinal midline. Bracket displaying one module. G is provided by G.M. Narbonne. (Scale bar: 1 cm.)