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Biology Warm-Ups

Biology Warm-Ups. Biology 2012-2013 Ms. Chabot. Add the Florida Biology Standard to the top of the page. Write out and answer the question. Each Friday I will check your Composition Book for the Warm-Ups done during the week. Standard #1. Students will be able to define a problem by:

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Biology Warm-Ups

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  1. Biology Warm-Ups Biology 2012-2013 Ms. Chabot

  2. Add the Florida Biology Standard to the top of the page. • Write out and answer the question. • Each Friday I will check your Composition Book for the Warm-Ups done during the week.

  3. Standard #1 • Students will be able to define a problem by: • Posing questions about the natural world. • Conduct observations. • Plan investigations. • Use tools to gather data. • Evaluate others’ investigations. Question #1: Scientists begin all investigations/experiments by making observations. What is the term used to describe the statement generated by using inferences and prior knowledge? Hypothesis

  4. Standard 2 • Student will compare and contrast different types of microscopes. Question 2: Describe the following types of microscopes: • Compound microscope: uses 2 mirrors and a light source to magnify images. • Dissecting microscope: Uses 2 mirrors and a light source with LOW magnification to view dissections. • Scanning electron: passes electron over the surface of DEAD specimens to view very small structures. • Transmission electron: Passes electrons through DEAD specimens to view very small structures.

  5. Standard 3 • Student will compare and contrast different types of microscopes. Question 3: What type of microscope is most commonly used in a high school science lab? Compound Light Microscope What kind of microscope is used to study viruses? ANY Electron Microscope

  6. Standard 4 • Students will accurately place the order of events that occur in a scientific investigation. Question 4: Place the following events in order according to the Scientific Method. Make observations, Generate hypothesis, Design an experiment, Collect data, Draw conclusions

  7. Question 5 An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent a cell’s semipermeable membrane. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water moved into or out of the eggs. Each egg was placed into a different solution for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. • Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred abut cells with semipermeable membranes? • Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. • Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentrations. • Water enters the cell when placed in environments of low water concentrations.

  8. Standard 5 • Students will explain the properties of water, including: DESCRIBE • Adhesion: allows water to stick to other substances. • Cohesion: attraction between water molecules • Ability to moderate temperature: keeps temperature constant • Expansion upon freezing • Universal solvent: dissolves many substances Question 6 What property of water allows it to stick to other water molecules? COHESION

  9. Standard 6 • Students will explain how the properties make water essential for life on Earth. Question 7 What property of water allows for a meniscus to form in a graduated cylinder? COHESION and ADHESION Why is this property of water important to organisms? Allows water to move through bloodstream.

  10. Standard 7 • Students will identify and describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Question 8 What type of macromolecule is composed of chains of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds? PROTEINS What are the functions of this macromolecule? Structure, enzymes, antibodies.

  11. Standard 8 • Students will explain how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the reaction’s activation energy. Question 9 What is the name of the region where a reactant binds to an enzyme? ACTIVE SITE SKETCH THIS GRAPH!

  12. Question 10 A change in pH can change the shape of a protein. What is this change (in protein shape) due to heat and pH called? DENATURE/UNRAVEL Why might a change in pH stop an enzyme from working? Loss of ACTIVE SITE, Loss of SHAPE.

  13. Standard 9 • Students will describe and explain the cell theory. • New investigations in science influenced the development of the modern cell theory. QUESTION 11 • What are the 3 statements that summarize the modern cell theory? • all living things are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells. • What common misconception was disproved by the cell theory? • Spontaneous generation

  14. Standard 10 Students will understand the science behind the development of the cell theory. Question 12 • What inventions and discoveries were necessary for the cell theory to be accepted? • Disprove spontaneous generation (Pasteur and Redi). • Invention of microscope (Leeuwonhoek). • Discovery and ID of cells (Hooke).

  15. Standard 11 Students will compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. Question 13 Which of the following is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • Lysosome • Mitochondria • Nucleus • Ribosome

  16. Complete to Compare Plant and Animal Cells ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS

  17. Compare and ContrastHypothesis and Theory Hypothesis Theory • Can be revised • Used by scientists • Well-tested • Combines hypothesis and observations • Possible explanation for events • Based on observations and inferences

  18. Match the following biology-related words with their correct descriptions. WORDS DESCRIPTIONS Organisms change over time All chemical reactions that occur in living things. Internal environment remains steady. The study of LIFE All form of life on Earth are connected. Living things are made of cells. • Homeostasis • Evolution • Interdependence • Cellular basis for life • Biology • Metabolism

  19. Construct a pH chart and label with the following items: • Numbers to represent the pH of a substance. • Acid • Base • Neutral • Weak acid • Weak base • Strong acid • Strong base

  20. Answer the following questions about Organic Macromolecules. • Which type of macromolecule is composed of chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds? • Which class of macromolecule is used as a rapidly available energy source? • What is the role of the following nucleic acids in living things? • DNA : • RNA : • ATP :

  21. Enzymes and Lock and Key Mechanism Describe how a lock and key mimic how an enzyme functions in the body. The enzyme acts like a lock, with a specific bonding site called the ACTVIE SITE. The chemical is the key that will fit specifically into the ACTIVE SITE to catalyze (speed up) the chemical reaction.

  22. Review Question #6 • What 3 subatomic particle make up an atom? • PROTONS + charge / in nucleus • NEUTRONS no charge / in nucleus • ELECTRONS - charge / surrounds nucleus SKETCH THE ATOM ABOVE IN YOUR STANDARD NOTEBOOK

  23. Review Question #7 • What is an ION? A charged atom, # Protons does not = # Electrons. • What is an ISOTOPE? An atom with a different Mass Number/Atomic Weight so a different # of Neutrons. • Complete the table below.

  24. Review Question #8 • What are the 2 main types of chemical bonds? • IONIC BOND transfers electron(s) from one atom to another. • COVALENT BOND shares electrons between atoms. SKETCH EACH EXAMPLE BELOW AND LABEL PROPERLY

  25. Review Question #9 • What are the main elements of all macromolecules and all living things? • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Nitrogen • What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions? • Bonds are made and broken to transform one set of chemicals into another.

  26. Review Question #10 Complete the following sentences concerning chemical reactions: • Chemical reactions that RELEASE energy often occur on their own/spontaneously. • Chemical reactions that ABSORB energy will not occur without a source of energy.

  27. QUESTION 11 • What are the 3 statements that summarize the modern cell theory? • all living things are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells. • What common misconception was disproved by the cell theory? • Spontaneous generation Go Back and Review Standard 9 Students will describe and explain the cell theory.

  28. Question 12 • What inventions and discoveries were necessary for the cell theory to be accepted? • Disprove spontaneous generation (Pasteur and Redi). • Invention of microscope (Leeuwonhoek). • Discovery and ID of cells (Hooke). Go Back and Review Standard 10 Students will understand the science behind the development of the cell theory.

  29. Question 13 Which of the following is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • Lysosome • Mitochondria • Nucleus • Ribosome Go Back and Review Standard 11 Students will compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.

  30. Standard 12 • Students will compare and contrast the organelles found in plant and animal cells that allow them to perform specific functions.

  31. Standard 12 Students will describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell. Cell Membrane • AKA Plasma Membrane • Selectively permeable • Controls what enters/exits the cell • Made of LIPIDS/fats • Contains protein channels that allow large substances and water to pass through Cell Membrane • AKA Plasma Membrane • Provides support and shape to the cell. • Selectively permeable • Made of LIPIDS/fats • Contains protein channels that allow large substances and water to pass through QUESTION: What does HYDROPHILIC mean? Water-loving What does HYDROPHOBIC mean? Water-fearing

  32. Standard 12 Students will describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell. Membrane Proteins • Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. • SOME allow substances to pass through that are: • SOME act as membrane markers/FLAGS for cell ID. QUESTION: What substances must use a membrane protein embedded in the cell membrane to move into and out of the cell? Water and Large molecules like glucose

  33. Standard 13 Passive transport means to move substances into and out of the cell without consuming the cell’s energy, ATP. QUESTION; Describe each type of PASSIVE transport below: • Diffusion: movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Osmosis: movement of WATER from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Facilitated Diffusion: movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a membrane protein. Students will explain the role of the cell membrane during active and PASSIVE transport

  34. Standard 13 Concentration Gradients, ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, and HYPOTONIC QUESTION: What happens to cell size in the following situations: • ISOTONIC: concentration is the same so cell does not change size. • HYPOTONIC: solute concentration is lower in solution than the cell, water moves in and cell SWELLS. • HYPERTONIC: solute concentration is higher in solution than the cell, water leaves the cell and cell SHRINKS. A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT is the difference of dissolved SOLUTES present on either side of a cell membrane.

  35. Standard 13 Active transport means that substances moving across the cell membrane must be FORCED, using cell’s energy, ATP. Examples of ACTIVE transport are: Solute Pumping Vesicular Transport QUESTION; Describe each type of ACTIVE transport below: • SOLUTE PUMP: • VESICULAR TRANSPORT: Students will explain the role of the cell membrane during ACTIVE and passive transport

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