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City-States in Mesopotamia

City-States in Mesopotamia. Rivers=Life Blood. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Flow From modern day Turkey To Persian Gulf. Geography. Mesopotamia Greek=“Land Between the Rivers” Fertile Crescent Fertile plains Rain=Flooding Flooding=Silt Silt=Farmland Wheat & Barley (villages grow).

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City-States in Mesopotamia

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  1. City-States in Mesopotamia

  2. Rivers=Life Blood • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Flow • From modern day Turkey • To Persian Gulf

  3. Geography • Mesopotamia • Greek=“Land Between the Rivers” • Fertile Crescent • Fertile plains • Rain=Flooding • Flooding=Silt • Silt=Farmland • Wheat & Barley (villages grow)

  4. Environmental Challenges • Settling & farming began Southern Mesopotamia • Sumerians 3500 B.C. • Mixed w/ farms • Language b/c dominant • Attracted • Good soil • Flat • Swampy • Land of Sumer

  5. Disadvantages • Flooding = unpredictable rivers • Becomes desert • Little/no rain • Sumer small region • Massachusetts • Open plain • Clusters of reed huts • Natural Resources limited • No supply of stone, wood, metal

  6. Solutions • Irrigation ditches • Defense (mud make city walls) • Traded grain, cloth, & tools w/ mountain people • Solutions = ? • Organization • Leadership • Laws • Government

  7. Sumerians create City-States • 5 characteristics of civilizations • 3000 B.C. had # of cities • Uruk • Kish • Lagash • Umma • Ur • What is City-State?

  8. Ziggurat • Center of city • Place of worship • Government center (pay taxes) • Priests have power • Political • Religious

  9. Sumerian Culture • Religion • Polytheistic • Enlil (most powerful god) • Udugs (wickedness gods) • Cause disease • Misfortune • Any human trouble • 3,000 gods • Like humans • We are servants • Angry gods = natural disasters • Sacrifices • Death = “Land of no return”

  10. Sumerian Social Classes

  11. Science & Technology • Inventions • Wheel • Sail • Plow • Bronze • Writing • Known maps 2300 B.C. • Recorded scientific investigations • Geometry & arithmetic • # system based on 60 • 60 seconds = 1 minute • 360°

  12. Empire Builders • Wars • City-states @ war w/ one another 3000-2000 B.C. • Weaken state • Culture survived

  13. Sargon of Akkad • 2350 B.C. defeats Sumer • From North • Semitic language = related to Hebrew & Arabic • 1st Empire • Mediterranean coast in West • To present day Iran in East • Lasted 200 years • Civil War • Famine • Invasions

  14. Babylonian Empire • 2000 B.C. nomadic warriors (Amorites) invade • Overwhelm Sumerians • Babylon b/c capital • Hammurabi 1792-1750 B.C. (peak)

  15. Hummurabi’s Code • Uniforming code in kingdom • Collected • Existing rules • Judgment • Laws

  16. Code cont. • Engrave in stone • Places throughout empire • 282 Laws • Community • Family relations • Business conduct • Crime • Laws apply to everyone different punishments • Rich & poor • Men & women • Eye for an Eye • Significance • Government responsible

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