1 / 27

Religion and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Religion and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. IAFS/JWST 3650. Outline. Intro to religions ( cont ) Muslim-Christian-Jewish relations. Intro: Christianity. 2000 years old Monotheistic, based on scripture. Intro: Christianity. Based on teachings of Jesus Christ Christ both divine and human

dai
Download Presentation

Religion and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Religionand the Arab-Israeli Conflict IAFS/JWST 3650

  2. Outline • Intro to religions (cont) • Muslim-Christian-Jewish relations

  3. Intro: Christianity • 2000 years old • Monotheistic, based on scripture

  4. Intro: Christianity • Based on teachings of Jesus Christ • Christ both divine and human • Christ’s death and resurrection provided salvation and eternal life

  5. Intro: Christianity • 1st three centuries: spread into W Asia, N Africa, and Europe • Bible = Old and New Testament

  6. Intro: Christianity • Holy Land and esp. Jerusalem sacred • Birth in Bethlehem • Miracles at Galilee • Death and resurrection at site of Church of Holy Sepulchre

  7. Countries withLargest Muslim Populations?

  8. Intro: Islam • God’s multiple revelations • Moses, Abraham, Jesus revered as prophets

  9. Intro: Islam • ~1300 years old • Monotheistic • Koran revealed to Prophet Muhammad in 7th c. CE

  10. Intro: Islam • Spread from 7th c. on through W Asia, N Africa, parts of Europe • Five central requirements: • Faith • Prayer • Zakat [alms] • Fasting • Hajj [pilgrimage]

  11. Islam • Jihad = جهاد‎ = “struggle, striving”

  12. British Perceptions of Islam • British concerns about Muslim violence • Fears of fanaticism and jihad • But Islam not monolithic

  13. Islam • Allah الله‎ = = “the God” http://www.al-islam.org/gallery/photos/d8.gif

  14. Jewish Rule and Roman Wars • 1000-925 BCE: United Kingdom of Israel in Canaan • 8th/6th c conquest of Israel and Judah • Origins of Jewish diaspora (scattering/dispersion from ancestral homeland)

  15. Similarities and Differences • Similar beliefs in one God, judgment day, and prophets • Differences re conversion • Similar emphasis on Jerusalem

  16. Jewish Rule and Roman Wars • 66-74 CE: First Jewish revolt vs Rome • Brutally suppressed • Mass sucide at Masada • Destruction of Jewish temple in Jerusalem (only Western Wall remained)

  17. Jewish Rule and Roman Wars • 132-135 CE: Second Jewish revolt vs Rome • Bloody supression • Jews banned from Jerusalem • Major contribution to Jewish diaspora

  18. Jewish Rule and Roman Wars • Harms: • “Israel and other Canaanites lived in relative peace” • “Both Jews and Palestinian have viable ancient claims to the land”

  19. Early Jewish-Muslim Relations • Muhammad and the Jewish clans of Medina • Harms: Muhammad’s initial deference • Recognition of Jerusalem as qiblah (direction of prayer) • Expulsion and murder, after bid for support failed, fit pattern of clan warfare

  20. The Caliphate • Muhammad’s successors known as caliphs • Spread of Islam through W Asia, then Arab Empire reaching from Spain to Asia • Construction of Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem

  21. The Caliphate • Sunni/Shia schism over rightful caliph • Sunnis: caliph should be elected • Shi‘atu ‘Ali (followers of Ali): caliphate should remain within Muhammad’s house • Today ~12% of Muslims are Shia

  22. Christian Relationswith Muslims and Jews: The Crusades • 1095-1291: eight crusades, mostly failures • European military expeditions justified via appeals to Christian duty • Extremely bloody

  23. Christian Relations with Jews: European Expulsions • 1290 expulsion of Jews from England • Later expulsions elsewhere in Europe

  24. Christian Relations with Jews • Longstanding anti-Jewish feeling and action in Europe • Further scattering of European Jews • Context for Jewish-Muslim relations in Holy Land

  25. Relations in the Holy Land • Arab discrimination vs Jews • But not Eur-style mass violence • Morris on Jewish life: “harrassment . . . insecurity”

  26. Conclusions • Today’s Arab-Israeli conflict: • Mainly about secular issues • Modern roots, not ancient origins • Religious narratives about this conflict retain power

More Related