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Crisis & Belief. The Political Economy of Care and Fear. Petrik Runst – UW Eau Claire. Government Spending in the 20 th century. Robert Higgs (1988) Crisis & Leviathan, Oxford University Press. Supply Side Explanation. Gordon Tullock James Buchanan Richard Wagner Niskanen
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Crisis & Belief The Political Economy of Care and Fear PetrikRunst – UW Eau Claire
Government Spending in the 20th century Robert Higgs (1988) Crisis & Leviathan, Oxford University Press
Supply Side Explanation • Gordon Tullock • James Buchanan • Richard Wagner • Niskanen • Mancur Olson • Vincent Ostrom Public Choice
Demand Side Explanation? • Do people actually want more government during a crisis?
Evolutionary Psychology Coordination of tribal movement cooperation warfare Van Vugt, 2006; Van Vugt, Hogan& Kaiser, in press Economics War
More Evidence • Common leadership characteristics across 61 societies that correspond to desirable characteristic of ‘Big Men’ DenHartog et al., 1999; see also Epitropaki & Martin, 2004; Hogan & Kaiser, 2005; Lord & Maher, 1993 Boehm, 1999; Johnson & Earle, 2000; Sahlins, 1963
More Evidence • When reminded of their mortality, people are more likely to demand a charismatic leader Cohen, 2004 • Americans are more likely to vote for hawkish leaders at times of military crisis McCann (1992) • Approval ratings increase when under attack Johnson & Tierney (2006)
Modern Evidence • Crisis & Government Growth – 19th and 20th century Runst & Wagner (2011) Higgs (1988) Warren (1935)
Some Theory – Haidt (2012) Liberals Care/Harm Fairness liberty foundation Economic Crisis More Government
Some Theory – Haidt (2012) Conservatives Loyalty/Betrayal Authority/Subversion Sanctity/Degradation Military Crisis More Government
World Value Survey Change in Attitudes =
Figure 1 - Swiss Household Panel - Tax Increase for the Rich (1 – favor increase; 3 – favor decrease)