Daily TAKS Connection: Replication, Transcription, Translation

1. Daily TAKS Connection:Replication, Transcription, Translation BIO(6): The student knows that the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected to: (B) Explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and RNA.

2. Construct a three tab foldable Materials: Foldable handout Scissors Pen Colored pencils/crayons Instructions: Hotdog fold paper along center line Cut tabs from edge to center along dotted lines Foldable Instructions

3. DNA Replication Notes Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Replication” - • DNA synthesis • DNA→ DNA • Occurs in the nucleus • DNA double helix unwinds; separates at hydrogen bond between base pairs • DNA polymerase adds base pairs to both strands • Adenine complements Thymine • Guanine complements Cytosine • Two “New” DNA molecules formed– one strand original, one strand new

4. Question 1 (Answer questions from notes on the back of your foldable. DNA passes information to new DNA during the process of — • replication b. transcription c. translation d. osmosis

5. Question 2 Which of the following must occur before DNA replication can take place? a. Translation of DNA into amino acids b. Separation of the DNA molecule into codons c. Transformation of DNA into RNA d. Separation of the DNA double helix

6. Question 3 Part of a DNA strand is represented in the diagram shown. In order for DNA to replicate, the strand must separate at which of the following locations? a. Between every phosphate-sugar pair b. Between the eight sugar-base pairs c. Between the four nitrogenous base pairs d. Between any two chemical bonds

7. Question 4 If the template of a strand of DNA is 5' TCTACGTAG 3', the complementary strand will be — a. 3' TCTACGTAG 5' b. 5' CTACGTAGA 3' c. 3' AGATGCATC 5' d. 5' AGACGTCTA 3'

8. Transcription Notes Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Transcription” - • RNA synthesis • DNA→ RNA • Occurs in the nucleus • Adenine from DNA complements Uracilin RNA • Thymine from DNA complements Adenine in RNA • Guanine from DNA complements Cytosine in RNA • Cytosine from DNA complements Guanine in RNA

9. Question 5 DNA passes information to RNA during the process of — a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. osmosis

10. Question 6 3' CGGUAU 5' This is a short section of mRNA. Which DNA code probably produced this section of RNA? a. 3' GCCTUT 5' b. 5' GCCAUT 3' c. 3' ATTGCC 5' d. 5' GCCATA 3'

11. Question 7 Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed? a. ACTAAG b. TCUTTG c. GAAUCU d. UCCTGA

12. Question 8 The diagram shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase? a. A protein could not be manufactured. b. A lysosome would digest the cell. c. Osmosis would not occur in the cell. d. Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm.

13. Translation Notes Record the following notes under the flap labeled “Translation” - • Protein synthesis • RNA→ protein • Occurs at the ribosomes • Codons (3 base sequence) code for amino acids • Use codon chart to determine amino acid • Amino acids link together to form protein

14. Activity Using the codon chart, transcribe the RNA nucleotide sequence below: UUCACGGAAUGG

15. Question 9 RNA is used to code for proteins during the process of — a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. osmosis

16. Question 10 Translation (protein synthesis) takes place in a cell at the – • nucleus • mitochondria • ribosome • cell membrane