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World War II

World War II. War breaks out in Europe. Jan. 1933 Hitler PM in Germany & est. the 3 rd Reich Needs living space- lebensraum March 1938 marches into Austria and takes it (eagerly want to be part of G) German speaking pop. Here in & Czech.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. War breaks out in Europe • Jan. 1933 Hitler PM in Germany & est. the 3rd Reich • Needs living space- lebensraum • March 1938 marches into Austria and takes it (eagerly want to be part of G) • German speaking pop. Here in & Czech. http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/before/fascism.htm

  3. Hitler keeps moving… • Now wants the western part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) • GB & France vow to protect C. • 3 leaders meet in Munich- (M. Conference) • Hitler promises this will be the LAST • GB & France give him- appease Hitler to avoid war • Chamberlain- “peace in Europe achieved” http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/before/fascism.htm

  4. Poland! • German & Russian speaking pop. • GB & F vow to protect these areas • A German invasion might bring in the Soviets too • August 1939- Stalin & Hitler sign a non-aggression pact • No war • Split Poland into 2

  5. Invasion of Poland • Sept. 1, 1939 German invasion of Poland • Blitzkrieg • Poland falls by the end of the month • Sept. 3rd France & GB declare war on Germany

  6. Early stages of war • Maginot Line- fortifications to keep G. out • B & F wait for army-> “phony war” • Soviets take Eastern Poland & other Baltic states • Invades Finland too • Hitler • Invades Norway & Denmark (April 1940) • Better position to attack GB • May- Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg fall

  7. Hitler’s success • France falls easily June 1940 • France’s fate (3) • Germany controls N. France • Vichy gov’t in Southern France est.- a Nazi puppet gov’t • Charles de Gaulle refuses to accept this- sets up exile gov’t in GB

  8. Battle of Britain • Air raid on London- wear down the morale of the people • Hitler carries on for months (1940) • Attempting to destroy the RAF • RAF uses radar to detect German planes • Hitler finally ends attack • Churchill’s rally http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics2/81930bg.JPG

  9. Holocaust

  10. WWII & America • Congress allows US to sell goods to F & GB • Sept. 1940- Axis powers est. • France gone & GB attacked by Hitler’s air raids • 1940 Congress approves $$ for defense • Pass a peace time draft in ’40 • 1940 FDR warns America of trouble if GB falls and that the US has to help defeat the Axis powers

  11. FDR draws closer to war • Lend-Lease Plan March 1941 • USSR relations • Lend-lease program extended to USSR when Hitler invades there • German U-Boats in Atlantic to sink US ships carrying supplies to Europe • 1941 US Navy has permission to attack U-Boats in self-defense

  12. Even closer… • Churchill & FDR secretly meet on USS Augusta • C- wants US involvement • Final result- Atlantic Charter • Joint declaration of war aims • Collective security • Disarmament • Self-determination • Economic cooperation • Freedom of seas • **basis of the United Nations • FDR waiting to go to war http://www.ssa.gov/history/pics/acharter1.jpg

  13. Japan & the Pacific • Japanese: • Already controlling Manchuria • Invaded China • Taking E. colonial land (ex. Vietnam) • Wanted to control East Asia • US Response: cut off trade with Japan (need oil!!) and attempt peace talks • Americans aware of imminent Japanese attack (code breakers) • Didn’t know the potential location • Waiting for Japan to make the 1st step towards war • Dec. 6th all peace talks end http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/images/before/japan.jpg

  14. Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks Hawaii • 2 hours- • 2, 403 killed • 1, 178 wounded • 8 battleships gone (luckily 3 aircraft carriers were out) • Dec. 7th FDR addresses Congress & asks for declaration of war • “a date which will live in infamy”

  15. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g40000/g40056.jpg

  16. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/pearlhbr/ph-oa.htmhttp://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/pearlhbr/ph-oa.htm

  17. US prepares for war • 2 wars- Europe & Pacific • 5 million volunteer, but still need the draft • Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) • Female volunteers in non-combat jobs • Nurses, ambulance drivers, pilots, etc. • Minorities? • Should they fight?? • 300K M-A • 1 Million A-A • 13k C-A • 33K J-A • 25K N-A http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/l/S/wwiip24.jpg

  18. Fear of another Japanese attack 1942 evacuate J. from HI 1942- FDR orders that all J-A in CA, WA, OR, &AZ to “relocation centers” 2/3rd Nisei No evidence ever found, but FDR thought it was a security matter Japanese Americans http://gainesjunction.tamu.edu/issues/vol3num1/mjones/images/clip_image004.jpg

  19. . . . Victims of war time hysteria, these people, two-thirds of whom were United States citizens, lived a bleak and humiliating life in tar paper barracks behind barbed wire and under armed guard . . .-Sign at the Minidoka Relocation Center http://education.nebrwesleyan.edu/eisenhower/partsites/northeastpage/safarik/internmentpage.html

  20. American Workforce • Car industry focuses on war production (1942) and others follow • Many Americans working in these fields including women & minorities • Scientists organized under the OSRD • Focus on new technology • Pesticide, penicillin, radar, etc. • Manhattan Project

  21. War time! • Worries about prices increasing • Office of Price Administration (OPA) • Keep prices reasonable • War bonds • Org. drives to collect goods that could be recycled into war products • Rationing • Coupon books for scarce products for each family

  22. Time to fight! • Churchill & FDR meet for 3 weeks (Dec. 1941) to devise war strategy • Believe Germany & Italy posed a greater threat….focus on Japan after crippling Europe • Hitler tries to blockade GB- Starve them to death • Allied response- convoy system- very successful

  23. Stalingrad- Stalin urges Allies to create a 2nd front in Western Europe to relieve the Soviets Allies not ready for that- go to Africa instead Leningrad North Africa Operation Torch- Eisenhower Desert Fox Successful by ’43 FDR & Churchill meet in Africa to devise next stage Italy! Unconditional surrender Battles

  24. VE Day! • D-Day June 6th, 1944 Operation Overlord • Battle of the Bulge • April 25th, 1945 • Soviets in Berlin • April 30th Hitler commits suicide • Week later the 3rd Reich surrenders to Eisenhower • May 8th- VE day! • April 12th FDR dies of a stroke in GA • Harry S. Truman new president

  25. Eisenhower http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/dday.htm

  26. Utah Beach

  27. War in the Pacific • Douglas MacArthur • Japanese control Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand & most of China • March 1942 American forces leave Philippines and promise to return • April 1942 air raid on Tokyo- Doolittle’s Raid

  28. Pacific Battles • Coral Sea • Midway- turning point • Guadalcanal • Iwo Jima • Okinawa

  29. Manhattan Project • Invasion on Japan- too costly • Head of project- Leslie Groves & Robert Oppenheimer • Practice test- July 16, 1945 (NM) • Late July- Truman warns Japan to surrender (refuse!) • August 6th- Hiroshima • August 9th- Nagasaki • Sept. 2nd official surrender by the emperor

  30. Meetings of the Mind • Casablanca- FDR & Churchill • Jan. 1943 • Invade Sicily • Want unconditional surrender • Tehran- FDR, C & S • Nov. 1943 • B & A invade France & S invade Germany and eventually join Pacific war

  31. Meetings of the Mind Part II • Yalta- FDR, C, & S • Feb. 1945 • Germany divided in occupation zones • Free elections in E. Europe (S- controlled) • S. enter Pacific War • Est. of United Nations • Potsdam- S, Truman, & Attlee • July- Aug. 1945 • Warn Japan to surrender • Hold trials for Nazi leaders

  32. After the War • America • 300 K died, 800K wounded • $320 billion (10X greater than WWI) • Congress accepts the UN- Proposed by US, USSR, GB, & China • US one of the few to leave the war without substantial damage to cities • Prosperous & Powerful

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