Medical English

1. Medical English Maria Pinto

2. Teacher information • Weeks 2-5: Maria Pinto • Phone: 054 740 4719 • Email: mapinto2000-ss@yahoo.com • Office: English Professors’ Room 1, Wonhyogwan • Office hours: Tuesdays and Wednesdays 11-12

3. Weeks 2-5: Basic word structure In this part of the course, we will • Learn to divide medical words into their component parts • Learn to identify prefixes, suffixes, roots and combining words • Learn the meanings of the various parts of words • Learn to build medical words using the combining forms, prefixes and suffixes

4. Dividing medical terms

5. Dividing medical words • Three parts: root, combining vowel, suffix Example: Hematology  hemat / o / logy root / combining vowel / suffix Practice 1: Divide the following medical words: • Cardiology • Psychology • Urology

6. Dividing medical words =root + combining vowel + suffix The root

7. Root words • Usually at the beginning of the word • Sometimes in the middle of a word • Rarely at the end of a word Some root words we have already used: • hemat – meaning blood • cardi – meaning heart • psych – meaning mind • ur – meaning urinary tract or urine

8. Dividing medical words =root + combining vowel + suffix Combining vowel

9. Combining vowel • Usually ‘o’ • Has no meaning of its own • Joins a root to a suffix e.g. cardi / o / logy • Joins a root to another root e.g. electr / o / cardi / o / gram • Is not used when followed by a suffix that starts with ‘i’ (e.g. ‘itis’, ‘ic’)

10. Combining forms • Combining forms = root + combining vowel (usually ‘o’) Therefore we get: • Hemat/o • Cardi/o • Psych/o • Ur/o

11. Practice 2: More word divisions Now try to divide the following words: • Gastroenterology • Osteoarthritis • Psychopathology • Hepatic • Carcinogenic (Hint: Some words have more than one root.)

12. More combining forms • English word: intestines • Medical combining word: enter/o

13. More combining forms • English word: bone • Medical combining word: oste/o

14. More combining forms • English word: nose • Medical combining word: rhin/o

15. More combining forms • English word: brain • Medical combining word: encephal/o

16. More combining forms • English word: kidney • Medical combining words: ren/o,nephr/o

17. More combining forms • English word: head • Medical combining word: cephal/o

18. More combining forms • English word: liver • Medical combining word: hepat/o

19. More combining forms • English word: stomach • Medical combining word: gastr/o

20. More combining forms • English word: joint • Medical combining word: arthr/o

21. More combining forms

22. Dividing medical words =root + combining vowel + suffix The suffix

23. Suffixes • Are word endings • Have a meaning Some suffix meanings: • logy means study of • itis means inflammation • genic means (pertaining to)producing • ic means pertaining to / about • gram means record

24. Common suffixes and their meanings

25. Forming and dividing medical terms • Root + combining vowel + suffix = medical term • Read the suffix first, then start from the beginning of the term to work out the meaning e.g. hemat(2) / o / logy(1) study ofthe blood e.g. electr (2) / o / cardi(3) / o / gram (1) record ofthe electricity inthe heart

26. Practice 3: Dividing medical terms

27. Practice 3: Dividing medical terms

28. Practice 4: Forming medical terms Write the medical term for the following: • record of the heart • inflammation of the joints • kidney disease • study of the nerves • pertaining to the stomach

29. Review So far, medical term = • root + combining vowel + suffix or • root + combining vowel + root + combining vowel + suffix BUT can also be made up with prefixes

30. Dividing medical words =prefix + root + (combining vowel +) suffix The prefix

31. Prefixes • Are word beginnings • Are followed by a root • Do not use a combining vowel to join to the root • Medical term = prefix + root + suffix e.g.epi / gastr / ic • Modify the meaning of the medical term e.g.epi / gastr / ic • pertaining toabovethe stomach • Read the suffix first, then start from the beginning of the term to work out the meaning

32. Common prefixes and their meanings

33. Practice 5: Dividing medical terms Write the meanings of the following medical terms: • hypogastric • subhepatic • endocrinologist • autopsy • prognosis • pericardium • anemia

34. Practical applications • (turn to page 15 of your textbooks) • (turn to page 19 of your textbooks) • (turn to page 22 of your textbooks) Work with a partner.

35. Pronunciation of medical terms (turn to page 26 of your textbooks)

36. Week 3... • Homework: go through the exercises in Chapter 1. • In Week 3, we will: • Look at terms describing the structural organisation of the body • Identify body cavities and the organs contained within them • Study positional and directional terms • Work on the pronunciation of these terms • Learn more combining forms and their meanings • Improve and add to our understanding of (the formation of) medical terms

37. Teacher contact information • Weeks 2-5: Maria Pinto • Phone: 054 740 4719 • Email: mapinto2000-ss@yahoo.com • Office: English Professors’ Room 1, Wonhyogwan • Office hours: Tuesdays and Wednesdays 11-12