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Motivation

Assessment of aerosol direct effects on surface radiation in the northern hemisphere using two-way WRF-CMAQ model. Jia Xing, Jonathan Pleim, Rohit Mathur, David Wong, George Pouliot, Christian Hogrefe, Chuen-Meei Gan, Chao Wei

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Motivation

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  1. Assessment of aerosol direct effects on surface radiation in the northern hemisphere using two-way WRF-CMAQ model Jia Xing, Jonathan Pleim, Rohit Mathur, David Wong, George Pouliot, Christian Hogrefe, Chuen-Meei Gan, Chao Wei U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA 12th Annual CMAS Conference, October 30, 2013

  2. Motivation • To extend the applicability of the two-way WRF-CMAQ model to hemispheric scales • To assess the model’s ability in reproducing the decadal changes in surface radiation (e.g. dimming and brightening) in the north hemisphere from 1990-2010 when significant of changes in emissions occurred • To provide boundary conditions for long-term regional-scale CMAQ simulations at finer resolution

  3. Outline • Emission processing & model configuration • Result discussion • Trends in AOD & Clear-sky Shortwave radiation (SWR) • Aerosol impacts on T2, PBL Height, SWR, PM2.5 and O3 • Dust aerosol direct effects on clear-sky SWR • Summary

  4. Emission processing Historic anthropogenic emissions in three regions over the past two decades Primary PM10 SO2 NOx • Anthropogenicemissions were derived from EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research); • Biogenic VOC and lightning NOx emissions were obtained from GEIA (Global Emission Inventory Activity); • Temporaldistribution was referred to EDGAR default profile; • Speciation was referred to SMOKE profile; • Verticalallocation was referred to SMOKE plume-rise and EMEP profile.

  5. Model Setup Simulation domain: • 108×108 km resolution over northern hemisphere • 44 layers from surface to 50mb • Three sub-regions will be analyzed East China • Simulation period: from 1990 to 2009 (summer time-JJA) • Two scenarios: • WRF-CMAQ(nf): no-feedback • WRF-CMAQ(sf): with shortwave feedback (-aerosol direct effects) • Hemispheric WRF-CMAQ two-way model • ─WRF3.4: NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data with 2.5 degree spatial and 6-hour temporal resolution; NCEP ADP Operational Global Surface/ Upper Air Observations with 6 hour intervals, MODIS land-use type, RRTMg radiation scheme, ACM2 (Pleim) PBL, PX LSM. • ─CMAQ5.0: Cb05-AERO6 chemistry, tropopause ozone calculated from PV (potential vorticity), inline photolysis, inline dust emission module. Europe East US

  6. Trend in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) JJA-average 2009 2000 MODIS+ SeaWiFS • MODIS - level 3 Terra • SeaWiFS - level 3 Deep Blue • Missing value in MODIS (mostly in Sahara Desert) was filled by SeaWiFS (550nm) WRF-CMAQ (sf) • 533nm

  7. Trend in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) WRF-CMAQ(sf) MODIS+ SeaWiFS JJA-average (2009 minus 2000) East China East US Europe from 1990 to 2009

  8. Trend in clear-sky shortwave radiation JJA-average (2009 minus 2000) Unit: W m-2 brightening WRF-CMAQ(sf) WRF-CMAQ(nf) CERES Dimming East China East US Europe from 1990 to 2009

  9. Aerosol impacts on Surface SW-radiation 1990 JJA-average from WRF-CMAQ difference between sf and nf (i.e., sf - nf ) Unit: W m-2 2009 1990-2009

  10. Aerosol impacts on Surface Temperature 1990 JJA-average from WRF-CMAQ difference between sf and nf (i.e., sf - nf ) Unit: K 2009 1990-2009

  11. Aerosol impacts on PBL Height 1990 JJA-average from WRF-CMAQ difference between sf and nf (i.e., sf - nf ) Unit: meter 2009 1990-2009

  12. Simulated surface PM2.5 conc. 1990 JJA-average from WRF-CMAQ(sf) Unit: µg m-3 2009 1990-2009

  13. Aerosol impacts on PM2.5 conc. 1990 difference between sf and nf (i.e., sf - nf ) Unit: µg m-3 1990-2009 2009

  14. Simulated surface O3 mixing ratio 1990 JJA 24 hour-average from WRF-CMAQ(sf) Unit: ppbV 1990-2009 2009

  15. Aerosol impacts on O3 mixing ratio 1990 difference between sf and nf (i.e., sf - nf ) Unit: ppbV 1990-2009 2009

  16. Dust Aerosol impacts on Clear-sky SSR (2006 minus 2000) Unit: W m-2 CERES WRF-CMAQ (sf) WRF-CMAQ (nf) brightening brightening Dimming Dimming June July

  17. Satellite (June) Model (June) Satellite (July) Model (July) brightening SWR 2006-2000 Dimming AOD 2006 AOD 2000

  18. Summary • Hemispheric WRF-CMAQ model system was successfully set up. • Results of magnitude and spatial distribution of AOD generally agree with MODIS satellite retrievals; • Trends of clear-sky SW-radiation roughly reflect the brightening & dimming in three regions. • Aerosol direct impacts were evaluated. • The reductions in surface solar radiation, surface-level temperature, and PBL height arising from aerosol direct effects show distinct trends in response to changes in regional aerosol loading • PM2.5 will be enhanced in industrial regions, but reduced in windblown dust area. • Capability of two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ model to represent the aerosol direct effects and to reproduce the observed changes in radiation was performed through comparison with CERES satellite retrieval.

  19. Thank you for your time! Acknowledgement • This work was supported through and Inter-Agency Agreement between the EPA and DOE and does not represent the views of either Agency. • We also acknowledge the free use of EDGAR, GEIA, MODIS, SeaWiFS and CERES product.

  20. Hemisphere-CMAQ EDGAR v42 gridded annual sectoral emissions 1990-2008 Projection system conversion, incl.: Horizontal & Vertical distribution Monthly/ Weekly/ Hourly variation CO NH3 CH4 Speciation SO2 SULF SO2 NO2 NO NOx CB05 species VOC PSO4 PNO3 PM10 POC PEC PM2.5 PFINE PMC EDGAR HTAPv1 gridded annual sectoral emissions 2000-2005 EDGAR -default SMOKE - default GEIA Framework of emission processing

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