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The Populist and Progressive movement

The Populist and Progressive movement. POPULISM AND AGRARIAN UNREST. Response to abuses Political issues of the Gilded Age: Labor unrest Government reform Third-party movements. DEVELOPMENT OF POPULISM. The Grange Farm movement against Railroad Deflation Farm prices fall

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The Populist and Progressive movement

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  1. The Populist and Progressive movement

  2. POPULISM AND AGRARIAN UNREST • Response to abuses • Political issues of the Gilded Age: • Labor unrest • Government reform • Third-party movements

  3. DEVELOPMENT OF POPULISM • The Grange • Farm movement against Railroad • Deflation • Farm prices fall • Farmers unable to pay debts

  4. THE POPULIST PARTY • Leaders Thomas E. Watson • Mary Elizabeth Lease • Members • Farmers • Led by lawyers and other professionals

  5. Thomas E Watson

  6. FARMER DEMANDS • Cheap money • Establish postal savings banks • Federal loan programs • Graduated Federal income tax • “Free Silver”

  7. 1896 Election • Bryan vs McKinley • Free Silverites vs Goldbugs • Bi-metallism vs Gold Standard • Agriculture vs Manufacturing • South and West vs North

  8. William McKinley William Jennings Bryan

  9. 1896 Election Politicians • William Jennings Bryan • “Cross of Gold” Speech • “Stump” for votes – 1st to do • William McKinley • “Front Porch” campaign • Stable appearance and backing from Marcus (Mark) Alonzo Hanna • Middle class feared inflation

  10. Successes of the Populists • Graduated income tax • Government loans to farmers • Direct election of US senators • Secret ballot, recall, initiative • Shorter workday • Agriculture prices rose

  11. THE PROGRESSIVES • White collar workers joined the farmers demand for reform • Movement from three sources • Religion • The Press • Radical political groups - Socialists

  12. POLITICAL REFORM UNDER THE PROGRESSIVES • started at the local level • Tactics • “throw the rascals out” • Institutional changes • “gas and water socialism” • Commission government • Council-manager government

  13. PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL REFORMS • State Government reforms • “Fighting Bob LaFollette” • attack “interests” • Taxes • regulations

  14. OTHER POLITICAL REFORMS • Secret Ballot - end vote fraud • Initiative - citizens introduce bills by petition - state and federal • recall - removed officials before the end of their terms • referendum - people vote on bills after passed by legislature

  15. OTHER POLITICAL REFORMS • Direct primary - candidates selected by popular election instead of machines • Direct election of senators - popular election rather than legislatures - 1913 Seventeenth Amendment

  16. MUCKRAKERSInvestigative journalism to expose disturbing conditions“Yellow Journalism” – simple sensationalism to boost sales Lincoln Steffens – city corruption Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil corrupt Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

  17. PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS • THEODORE ROOSEVELT • “Square Deal” • Belief that all people should have equal opportunity to succeed through strong personal ethics, a sense of fairness and adherence to the spirit of the law.

  18. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • “Trust Busting” • Northern Securities Company • Hepburn Act passed • stricter controls over railroads • increased power of the ICC • Coal Strike 1902 - set precedent used office prestige to settle strike

  19. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Pure Food and Drug Act • allowed government inspection for purity and safety • 1906 Meat Inspection Act • Conservation • 1902 Newlands Act • used the Forest Reserve Act

  20. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Conservation continued • Unpopular alignment with the “Old Guard” (Conservative Republicans)

  21. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT • Roosevelt’s successor • Problems • Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

  22. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT • SUCCESSES • the REAL “Trust-buster” • shaped a federal budget • gained support for the 16th and 17th Amendments • New Mexico and Arizona statehood

  23. WOODROW WILSON • WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” • Monopolies were evil • Federal power should be used to ensure equality of opportunity

  24. WOODROW WILSON • WILSON’S REFORMS • the Underwood Tariff • the Federal Reserve Act • Central banking system with 12 district banks • created a “flexible” money supply -AKA“elastic currency”

  25. WOODROW WILSON • Wilson’s Reforms Continued • Anti-Trust Legislation • Federal Trade Commission Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Keating- Owen Child Labor Act • 1908 National Conference on Conservation • National Conservation Commission • Enforced existing laws against illegal occupation of public lands

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