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The Market and Transportation Revolutions Adapting Project History

The Market and Transportation Revolutions Adapting Project History. November 17, 2010. United States, 1789-1815. Constitution ratified in 1788 Expectations of Founders Hamilton’s Financial Plan French Revolution Political sectionalism Extent of country Population scattered,

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The Market and Transportation Revolutions Adapting Project History

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  1. The Market and Transportation Revolutions Adapting Project History November 17, 2010

  2. United States, 1789-1815 • Constitution ratified in 1788 • Expectations of Founders • Hamilton’s Financial Plan • French Revolution • Political sectionalism • Extent of country • Population scattered, • Population localists • 90 % Farmers • Mainly living in subsistence-barter economy

  3. The United States Before 1815 • Agricultural Staple Exporting Economy • 9 of 10 Americans Were Farmers • Economy Undynamic, Little Change in Per-Capita Production • Society Static • Most Farmers, Subsistence Barter Economy • Traditional Farm Society--Produce for Family and Local Community • As Late as 1820, only 25% of farm goods in North sold in market economy

  4. Market Revolution After 1815 • Development of Interdependent Domestic Market Economy • 1815 Watershed • Transportation Revolution

  5. The National Road

  6. The Transportation Revolution: Canals • 1816--100 Miles of Canals, Longest 27 Miles • Erie Canal, 1817-1825, 364 Miles—highest point—650 feet above sea level • Canal Building Boom • Upcountry to Tidewater • Atlantic to Ohio River Valley • Great Lakes to Mississippi River • Pennsylvania Main Line Canal—396 miles long—highest point 2200 feet above sea level—required portage railroad to carry canal boats over Allegheny mountains • 1840--3326 Miles of Canals

  7. Erie Canal at Salina St.

  8. Erie Canal and Bridge

  9. Life on Erie Canal

  10. Pa Portage RR

  11. Pa Portage RR Engine

  12. The Transportation Revolution: Steamboats • Limitations of Sailboats, Keelboats, and Flatboats--Pittsburgh to New Orleans, 1950 Miles, 4 Months Upstream, 1 Month Downstream • 1811: First Successful Steamboat from Pittsburgh to New Orleans • 1820 69 Steamboats, 1855 727 Steamboats

  13. Missouri River at Rocheport

  14. Missouri River at Rocheport

  15. Missouri River at Rocheport

  16. The Transportation Revolution: Railroads • Railroads: Cheap, Fast, Flexible • Pennsylvania, Early Leader • 1840: 3328 Miles of Track • 1850: 8879 Miles of Track • 1860: 30,626 Miles of Track

  17. Railroads, 1850

  18. Railroads, 1860

  19. The Transportation Revolution: Costs and Time • 1816: $9 Moved Ton 30 Miles Overland or 3000 by Sea to England • By 1860 Costs Drop by 95% • Wagon Speed: 2 MPH • Railroads: 10 to 20 MPH • Cincinnati to N.Y. • 28 Days, Steamboat via New Orleans • 18 Days, Canal System • 6 to 8 Days, Railroad

  20. The Interdependent Domestic Market Economy • South: Specialized in Growing Cotton, Required Goods, Services from Northeast and Food from West • West: Specialized in Growing Corn, Wheat, Livestock, Required Goods and Services from Northeast • Northeast: Specialized in Providing Goods and Services, Required Food from West and Raw Products from South

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