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Market Revolutions. American History. Transportation Revolution. Settlers moving west increases interest in building roads It also encouraged investments in building bridges. Road, Canal, and Water Development in the U.S. by 1830. Impact of the Steamboat.
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Market Revolutions American History
Transportation Revolution • Settlers moving west increases interest in building roads • It also encouraged investments in building bridges. Road, Canal, and Water Development in the U.S. by 1830
Impact of the Steamboat Steamboats make it possible to easily travel both directions on a river. Northern markets are now more easily connected to southern markets. The steamboat also helped to spread the cotton’s use in the Deep South.
The Erie Canal • Began - 1817, Completed - 1823, Opened - 1825 • Run 363 miles • Connects Albany, NY on the Hudson River to Buffalo, NY on Lake Erie • Helped to lower transportation costs in the Great Lakes region.
The Lowell Textile Mills • The U.S.’s first fully mechanized textile mill in Waltham, Mass. in 1814 • In 1817, the corporation establishes a second group of mills in East Chelmsford, Mass. • By 1826, East Chelmsford grew by 1,400 and incorporated as the city of Lowell • America’s first industrial town. Francis Cabot Lowell
Was Life at the Lowell Mills Positive? • 12 hour days, short breaks • Poor health • Not enough time for activities • Loud factory • Busy with chores at the dormitories • BUT • Opportunities for more pay • Months off per year • Pleasant life, social opportunities • Place for women to work and make more money.
Between 1800 and 1850, the population of U.S. cities swells, with over 8 cities containing 100,000 or more.
Immigration to the U.S., 1830-1860 • 1830s – 600,000 • 1840s – 1.7 million • 1850s -2.3 million
Irish Potato Famine • 1845-1852 • Cause: Potato blight; British neglect • Deaths – 1 million • Forced Immigration – 1 million
Irish Immigrant Laborers in the Antebellum Era • Urban and primarily located in Eastern Cities • Men – Construction Workers, Day Laborers, Factory Hands, Porters, Handymen, and Teamsters • Women – Laundresses, Garment Workers, Maids, Cooks, Charwomen
German Revolution of 1848 • Failed attempt to unify German-speaking states against the aristocratic leadership of the German confederation in 1848 • Resulted in the substantial immigration out of the country Germania, by Philipp Veit, 1848
German Immigrant Laborers in the Antebellum Era • Were generally more economically and geographically diverse than the Irish. • A large number were middle class—formerly landowners, lawyers, doctors, musicians, soldiers, college professors, and businesspeople. • Many with means migrated western and purchased cheap lands in Illinois and Wisconsin.
The Domestic Slave Trade Slave Coffle, VA, 1839 Between 1790 and 1860, Americans transported approx. 1 million African-American slaves from the Upper South to the Lower South, with 2/3 a result of sale. Two million slaves were sold locally throughout the south.
