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Adrian Christ and Zachary Woods

Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms. Adrian Christ and Zachary Woods. Time Periods. Alexander born 20 or 21 July 356 BCE Died 10 or 11 June 323 BCE Last Hellenistic Kingdom in Egypt is annexed into the Roman Empire- 12 Aug. 30 BCE. Geography.

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Adrian Christ and Zachary Woods

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  1. Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms Adrian Christ and Zachary Woods

  2. Time Periods • Alexander born 20 or 21 July 356 BCE • Died 10 or 11 June 323 BCE • Last Hellenistic Kingdom in Egypt is annexed into the Roman Empire- 12 Aug. 30 BCE

  3. Geography • Alexander’s empire stretched from India to Macedonia • Hellenistic culture appeared in hybrids with local customs in all Diadochi empires

  4. Political Structures • Alexander was a king and later an emperor • Worshipped as a son of Amun • Absolute ruler

  5. Influence of Persia • Alexander adopts Persian satrapies • Proclaims himself rightful ruler of Persia upon Darius III’s death

  6. Adoption of Local Ideas • Alexander adopts local/new titles (Pharoah, Shahanshah, King of Asia) • Hybridizes Greek culture with local • Spreads Hellenistic ideas across vast area

  7. Economy • Depended on trade for food in Greece • Persian treasures spread across empire • Tax collectors under Alexander independent of satraps

  8. Trade Routes • Trade throughout empire • Traded across Mediterranean with Rome and Carthage • Traded with China?

  9. Social Structure • Hierarchal class structure • Many slaves • Greeks/Macedonians considered themselves superior to Asians • Greeks depend on merchants but they still have a low status • Aristocratic elite

  10. Art/Architecture • Architecture and much other art stayed the same or declined • Monumental projects taken on • Freedom of previous Greek eras reduced under new monarchies

  11. Science/Technology • Moved away from philosophy towards practical science • Study of natural phenomena rather than human ethics

  12. Religion • Alexander’s Hellenization of his empire spreads Greek religion along with culture • In some areas religion remains almost the same • Hybrid gods and rituals emerge

  13. Hellenization • Process of Greek culture spreading across the remains of Alexander’s empire • Happened both intentionally and unintentionally

  14. Intellectuals • Great intellectual centres shifted to Antioch, Alexandria, and Pergamon from Greece • Believed that scientific method was first used during this period • Aristotle, Theophrastus, Strato, Archimedes

  15. Stoicism • Self-control/fortitude to overcome dangerous emotions • Live in accordance with nature Epicureanism • Live to experience simple pleasures- knowledge, friendship • Avoid physical pain • Abstain from luxury to avoid future loss of it

  16. Alexander: Birth and the Crown • Son of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, daughter of the Queen of Epirus • Taught by Aristotle • Philip conquers all of Greece • Philip assassinated by his bodyguard, Pausanius

  17. Alexander: Conquests • Begins rule by ending rebellions across Greece and in the north-razes Thebes • Invades Asia Minor, liberates Ionian cities • Wins Battle of the Granicus • Solves Gordian Knot • Wins Battle of Issus • Proclaimed Pharoah at Siwa

  18. Alexander: Conquests cont. • Returns to Mesopotamia and wins final victory over Darius III at Gaugamela • Continues to conquer Persia, Media, Bactria, Sogdianaand the Punjab • Army demands he return back west • Dies of a fever(?) in Babylon aged 32 • “to the strongest”

  19. Diadochi: the Successors • Several wars ensue between the various generals of Alexander • Wars end with Lysimachus, Cassander, Ptolemy, and Seleucus as kings • Things remain mostly the same until Rome’s arrival

  20. Bibliography • http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.module&module_id=301&language_id=1&story_id=51&ee_messages=0001.flashrequired.text • http://wikipedia.org – various articles • http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4389/1123706.cw/index.html • http://kekrops.tripod.com/Hellenistic_Files/Hellenistic_Science.html • http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sat/notes/notesviiihell.html • http://virtualreligion.net/iho/alexander.html

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