1 / 42

CPUs and power supplies

CPUs and power supplies. Unit objective: Identify CPU characteristics and install power supplies. Topic A. Topic A: CPUs Topic B: Power supplies. Central processing unit (CPU). “Brains” of your PC Processes instructions, manipulates data, controls interactions of other circuits Contains:

dale
Download Presentation

CPUs and power supplies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CPUs and power supplies Unit objective: Identify CPU characteristics and install power supplies

  2. Topic A Topic A: CPUs Topic B: Power supplies

  3. Central processing unit (CPU) • “Brains” of your PC • Processes instructions, manipulates data, controls interactions of other circuits • Contains: • A control unit • One or more execution units • Registers • Single-core vs.multi-core processors

  4. CPU performance • Instruction — Low-level, hardware-specific command • Rated in millions of instructions per seconds (MIPS) • Rated according to clock speed • Older CPUs — One clock cycle/one instruction • Newer CPUs — One clock cycle/many instructions

  5. CPU design characteristics pg 2-5 • Addressable RAM • Bus, address • Bus, data • Bus, internal • Cache • Clock speed • Data bus width • Dual Independent Bus (DIB) • Front-side bus speed continued

  6. CPU characteristics, continued • GPU • Hyperthreading • Multimedia extensions (MMX) • Multiprocessing • Overclocking • Pipelining • Superscalar • Throttling • Virtualization support

  7. Multiple-processor support • Requires symmetric multiprocessing code for OS and applications • 64-bit versions of Windows 7 and Windows Vista use NUMA • Non-uniform memory access is a computer memory design used in multiprocessing, where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to a processor. • With NUMA, a processor can access its own local memory faster than non-local memory (memory local to another processor or memory shared between processors). • The benefits of NUMA are limited to particular workloads, mainly on servers

  8. Processor specifications • Most common manufacturers: • Intel • AMD • Primary specifications • Clock speed, front side bus speed, addressable RAM, Cache Size • Bus width specifications • No of bits which can be processed • Internal specifications • Voltages used by chips

  9. Inside the case • Chipsets • CPU packaging • Slots

  10. Chipsets • Memory control • System bus functions • Audio functions • Video display functions • System management functions

  11. Northbridge and Southbridge • Two most important components of a PC chipset • Northbridge controls interactions between the CPU, memory (including cache), AGP and PCIe video control circuitry, and the Southbridge continued

  12. Northbridge/Southbridge, continued • Southbridge controls interactions between buses and devices not controlled by the Northbridge • PCI expansion bus • Floppy drive controller • Serial port • Parallel port • PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports • USB and FireWire • BIOS and CMOS

  13. CPU packaging • Chip = die • A package is made up of • Die • Plastic, metal, or ceramic case • Wires or connectors • Support chips • Cooling components

  14. PGA package 80486

  15. SECC package Pentium 3

  16. Sockets and slots see pg 2-10 • 775 • 1156 • 1155 • 1366 • 940 • AM2 • AM2+ • AM3 • AM3+ • FM1 • F

  17. Pentium with MMX CPU & Socket 7 socket

  18. Typical cooling mechanisms • Fans & Heat sinks and cooling fins • Heat pipes • (water heated, evaporates which causes it to move cooler water to area which is repeated) • Water pumps • (water pumped – more effective) • Peltier coolers • (device which gets colder when voltage applied) • Phase-change cooling • (like an AC unit) • Undervolting

  19. Power supply and CPU fans Power supply fan Auxiliary fan

  20. Cooling fins

  21. Cooling fins and a fan

  22. Other cooling techniques • Heat pipes — Small tubes filled with fluid • Water pumps — Tubes filled with water, moved away from CPU to outside case and through cooling fins • Peltier coolers • Electronic device that gets colder when voltage is applied • Non-convection • Connected directly to CPU • Can be combined with water coolers continued

  23. Other cooling techniques, continued • Phase-change cooling • Vapor compression • Gas to liquid • Liquid absorbs processor heat and evaporates • Gas returned to compressor • Cycle begins again • More efficient than water cooling systems • Generate significant noise • Undervolting • Less power; less heat • Can cause system problems

  24. Topic B Topic A: CPUs Topic B: Power supplies

  25. Characteristics of electricity • Electricity — Flow of electrons • Conductor — Permits flow of electricity • Insulator — Inhibits flow of electricity • Voltage — Force of electricity caused by difference in charge at two locations • Measured in volts • Also called “potential” or “potential difference” • Officially designated as uppercase V • May see it as lowercase v continued

  26. Characteristics, continued • Current — Measure of the flow of electrons past a given point • Measured in amps, or amperes • Must be a complete circuit (closed circuit) • Direct current — Flows in one direction, at constant voltage, through circuit • Alternating current — Flows repeatedly back and forth through the circuit, at constantly varying voltage levels continued

  27. Characteristics, continued • Resistance — Force that opposes the flow of DC through a conductor • Measured in ohms (Ω) • Impedance — Like resistance, but applies to AC • Power • Measured in watts • Calculate by multiplying voltage by current • Energy — Electrical power delivered over time

  28. Electricity • Current can kill • The 1–10–100 rule • You can feel 1mA (1 milliamp) • 10mA enough to make muscles contract • 100mA enough to stop your heart

  29. Safety precautions Don’t touch exposed contacts Touch only insulated handles of tools Leave covers on equipment Work one-handed Don’t insert anything into wall outlets Remove jewelry, watches, etc. Keep hands clean and dry Don’t work in wet surroundings

  30. PC power supply • Converts AC wall voltage to DC voltages for PC components • Includes a fan • Provides some conditioning functions • Can maintain power during brief drops and outages

  31. Power supply specifications • Rated by DC power output in watts • Modern systems typically =>600 watts • Older systems <200 watts • Rating isn’t an indicator of power draw • Most power supplies will only draw the power which is needed to supply internal components • Some less efficient power supplies will however draw full power and waste electricity

  32. Typical power requirements

  33. Standard outputs

  34. Power watt calculator • http://extreme.outervision.com/PSUEngine

  35. Sizes • Form factor • AT • ATX • Micro-ATX

  36. SATA power connector • For Serial ATA drives

  37. Peripheral power connector • Molex connector • Typically used to connect hard drives and optical drives

  38. Floppy power connector • Berg connector • Smaller than Molex • Typically used to connect floppy drives

  39. Wire colors

  40. Motherboard power connectors Single power connector Dual power connectors (P8/P9)

  41. Voltage selection • Dual-supply units – can adjust the power supply to run from 110 or 220 • 110-120 • 220-240

  42. Unit summary • Identified CPU characteristics and installed power supplies

More Related