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Working with Disks

Learn about MBR and GPT partition styles, primary and extended partitions, dynamic disk storage, file systems like FAT and NTFS, permissions management, and backup techniques in Windows systems.

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Working with Disks

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  1. Working with Disks Lesson 4

  2. Skills Matrix

  3. Partition Styles • MBR – Master Boot Record • GPT – GUID (globally unique identifier) Partition Table Chapter 4

  4. Master Boot Record -- MBR • Default partition style for x86 systems • Uses a Partition Table to store drive geometry • Uses Hidden sectors to store system information • Supports volumes up to 2 terabytes • Supports up to 4 primary partitions or 3 primary partitions and one extended partition per disk Chapter 4

  5. GUID Partition Table -- GPT • Default partition style for x64 systems • Uses an partitions rather than hidden sectors to store system information • Uses EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) to boot the drive • Uses primary and backup partition tables to improve integrity • Supports up to 128 partitions • Supports Volumes up to 18 exabytes Chapter 4

  6. Disk Storage • Basic Storage – compatible with other OS • Consists of primary and extended partitions • Supports up to four partitions (per single hard drive) • Laptop computers use only basic storage • Windows Vista can be installed only onto basic storage type partitions • Dynamic Storage – supported by Windows 2000/XP/Vista • Configured as dynamic disks • Dynamic disks can combine two or more physical disks into one dynamic disk • Dynamic disks divided into volumes Chapter 4

  7. Basic Disks • Uses Primary Partitions, Extended Partitions and Logical drives to organize data • Adequate for most personal computers.

  8. Primary and Extended Partitions PRIMARY • Functions as a physically separate disk • Can host an OS • Can be marked as active (and used to boot from) • Up to 4 are supported or 3 + 1 Extended • Each is formatted and assigned a drive letter EXTENDED • Cannot host an OS • Cannot be active partition • Basic disk can only host 1 Extended but unlimited logical partitions • Do not format extended partition, but the logical drives Chapter 4

  9. Dynamic Storage - Volumes • Volume – a portion of a dynamic disk that functions as a separate disk • Each volume is assigned a drive letter • Only Windows 2000, XP and Vista can access data on volumes • There are three types of volumes • Simple volume • Spanned volume • Striped volumes Chapter 4

  10. Dynamic Disk -- Simple volume • Contains space from a single dynamic drive Chapter 4

  11. Dynamic Disk -- Spanned volume • Consists of disk space on 2-32 dynamic drives Chapter 4

  12. Dynamic Disk -- Striped volume • stores data in equal stripes on 2 - 32 dynamic drives Chapter 4

  13. File Systems Summary • FAT (FAT16) – up to 4GB (not supported by Vista) • For backward compatibility with other operating systems • Allows easy upgrade from another OS • Enables multi boot systems to share data drives • FAT32 – up to 32GB • used to support larger drives, offers multi boot shared drives with Windows 98/95 • NTFS (preferred file system) – up to 4TB • Offers larger volume support • Offers compression and encryption • Security Chapter 4

  14. Comparison of File Systems NTFS • Recoverable file system • Local file security • Small cluster size • Supports mirroring • Fast searches • Built-in compression and encryption FAT32 • Most compatible system • Less overhead and is best for drives < 1GB • Use DOS to access active partition from a floppy Chapter 4

  15. How FAT works?

  16. How NTFS works? Resident to MFT Non Resident to MFT DATA DATA DATA

  17. Disk Management Snap-In Chapter 4

  18. Managing Permissions • NTFS permissions • Control access to files and folders on NTFS volumes • Share permissions • Control access to folders over a network. To access a file over a network, the user must have the appropriate share AND NTFS permissions Chapter 4

  19. Windows Permission Architecture • Permissions are organized into ACLs (access control lists) • Each list consists of a collection of individual permissions called Access Control Entries (ACE) • Permissions are stored with the file or folder being protected and is not part of the user account Chapter 4

  20. Using Backup and Restore Centre • Creates backup of Files and folders to a network share, DVD, CD or other hard disk • Creates a backup of the entire drive using an image based utility called Complete PC • Restore Files and folders that were previously backed up or an entire computer drive Chapter 4

  21. You Learned • Windows Vista uses two hard disk partition styles: MBR and GPT. • Windows Vista supports two disk types: basic disks and dynamic disks. • Basic disks can have up to four partitions: three primary partitions and a fourth usually being an extended partition, on which you can create multiple logical drives. Chapter 4

  22. You Learned (cont.) • Windows Vista supports three types of dynamic volumes: simple, spanned, and striped. • You use the Disk Management snap-in for MMC to manage disks. • Windows Vista has several sets of permissions, which operate independently of each other, including NTFS permissions, share permissions • Permissions are organized into ACLs • Backup and Restore can backup files, folders and complete PCs Chapter 4

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