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10/3- Unit 4 Cells

10/3- Unit 4 Cells. Agenda: Video- Amoeba Sisters Pro vs Eu Unit 4 Notes WS-Cell Organelles Important Dates: 10/6 Midterm 10/13 Quiz- Organelles/ Function 10/20 Quiz- Cell Membrane /Transport 10/28 Unit 4 Cells Test 10/31 Unit 4 USA Test Prep Due.

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10/3- Unit 4 Cells

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  1. 10/3- Unit 4 Cells Agenda: • Video- Amoeba Sisters Pro vs Eu • Unit 4 Notes • WS-Cell Organelles Important Dates: 10/6 Midterm 10/13 Quiz- Organelles/ Function 10/20 Quiz- Cell Membrane /Transport 10/28 Unit 4 Cells Test 10/31 Unit 4 USA Test Prep Due https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruBAHiij4EA

  2. Unit 4 Cells Be Reading Ch 3 Practice Test Questions…..

  3. Cell Discovery How did cells get their name? Robert Hooke • Made a simple microscope • Looked at a piece of cork under his microscope • Looked like little chambers in a monastery • The monks lived in chambers called cells • Hooke called the chambers in the cork “cells”

  4. The Discovery of Cells • In 1674, Dutch tradesman Anton van Leeuwenhoek was studying new methods for making microscope lenses and observed cells in greater detail.

  5. Cell Theory • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms. 3. All existing cells are produced from other living cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells.

  6. Practice Test Question #1 Who gave cells their name? • Charles Darwin • Robert Hooke • Albert Einstein • Gregory Mendel

  7. Practice Test Question #2 Which of the following statements is supported by the Cell Theory to identify if an amoeba is composed of a cell? • Amoebas have the ability to split to create another genetically identical amoeba. • Amoebas can move and hunt for food. • Amoebas need oxygen. • Amoebas must eat.

  8. Cell Structure & Function

  9. What is a Cell? • All living things are made up of tiny units called cells. They are the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

  10. Organelles • The inside of a cell has even smaller parts called organelles, or tiny organs. • Each organelle has a special function, needed by the cell to survive or perform its particular task.

  11. Basic Cell Types What are the two basic types of cells? 1. Prokaryotes: Cells do NOT have a nucleus or organelles. Example: ALL Bacteria…E. coli, Strep, & Salmonella How to Remember “Trick”… Pro has NO nucleus

  12. Prokaryotes • Has NO Nucleus • Has Nucleoid(like a nucleus…but not a real one) • Has NO organelles REMEMBER…. Pro hs NO nucleus

  13. Basic Cell Types What are the two basic types of cells? 2. Eukaryotes: Cells HAVE a nucleus and organelles. Examples: Plants, animals, fungus…All other cells How to Remember “Trick”… Eu has TRUE nucleus

  14. Eukaryotes • Has a true/real Nucleus • Has many different organelles REMEMBER…. Eu has TRUE nucleus

  15. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

  16. Nucleus What is a nucleus? • A distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic information in the form of DNA. • Controls all of the cell’s activities

  17. Parts of the Nucleus … Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus • Dense region where ribosomes are assembled • Center of the nucleus

  18. Parts of the Nucleus … Chromatin Chromosomes Genetic material • A loose combination of DNA and proteins

  19. Practice Test Question #3 If a cell has a nucleus, it is considered a(n): • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Plant • Animal

  20. Practice Test Question #4 If a cell does NOT have a nucleus, it is considered a(n): • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Plant • Animal

  21. Practice Test Question #5 Which of the following is an example of an eukaryote? • a Virus • Staphylococcus • a sunflower • HIV

  22. Practice Test Question #6 Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote? • mushrooms • E. coli • an oak tree • humans

  23. Cytoplasm • The cytoplasm is the substance surrounding the visible vacuoles in this cell. • Jelly like .

  24. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  25. Cytoskeleton • Defined: Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm • Function: Aids in cell & organelle movement & support • 2 substructures: Mircotubules & Microfilaments

  26. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  27. Ribosomes • Defined: Directs the production of proteins by linking together amino acids • Function: Synthesize/make proteins 1000s Can be found attached to E.R. or free floating in the cell Turn volume down

  28. Ribosomes

  29. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  30. Endoplasmic ReticulumTransportation System of the Cell • Defined: Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis. • Function: When rough (ribosomes on surface), proteins are made here & transports. Smooth: makes lipids, no ribosomes

  31. Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER

  32. Smooth vs. Rough ER Ribosomes No Ribosomes

  33. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  34. Golgi ApparatusPackager of the Cell • Defined: Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to another organelle or out of the cell. • Function: Modifies and packages proteins

  35. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Modifies & packages proteins Golgi Apparatus Create lysosomes Plants & Animals Lysosomes

  36. LysosomesClean Up Crew • Defined: Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances. • Produced by the Golgi Body & defends the cell from viruses and bacteria • Function: Digests

  37. Lysosomes

  38. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Modifies & packages proteins Golgi Apparatus Create lysosomes Plants & Animals Digests food & dead organelles Filled with enzymes Lysosomes Plants & Animals

  39. Practice Test Question #7 This “liquid” surrounds the organelles inside the cell: • Water • Cytoplasm • Cytoskeleton • Saline

  40. Practice Test Question #8 This organelle is composed of microfilaments and micotubules: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Cytoskeleton • Endoplasmic reticulum

  41. Practice Test Question #9 This organelle synthesizes proteins: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Cytoskeleton • Endoplasmic reticulum

  42. Practice Test Question #10 This organelle modifies proteins: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Golgi Apparatus • Endoplasmic reticulum

  43. Practice Test Question #11 This organelle is filled with enzymes for digestion purposes: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Golgi Apparatus • Endoplasmic reticulum

  44. MitochondriaPowerhouse of the Cell • Defined: Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell. • Function: Converts food into energy = Cellular respiration

  45. Mitochondria The cell uses this energy to do its work. The more active the cell, the more mitochondria it has. A human liver cell contains more than 1000 mitochondria.

  46. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Chloroplast Cell Wall

  47. Chloroplast • Defined: Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis. • Function: Coverts light, H2O, & CO2 into food = Photosynthesis

  48. Chloroplasts

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