1 / 29

Cells

Cells. What is a cell?. The basic unit of structure and function in living things . They are the “building blocks” of everything that is alive. How big are cells?. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale /. History of Cells.

snow
Download Presentation

Cells

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cells

  2. What is a cell? • The basic unit of structure and function in living things. • They are the “building blocks” of everything that is alive.

  3. How big are cells? • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/

  4. History of Cells • Hans and Zacharias Janssen created the first compound microscope in the 1590’s. • In 1665, Robert Hooke became the first person to see cells. • In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to see living cells.

  5. Cell Theory • Over 100 years after cells were discovered, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the cell theory. • The cell theory states that: • All living things are made of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure in living things. • Cells can only come from other living cells.

  6. Parts of Cells • The cell membrane is a thin structure that surrounds the cell. Its jobs are to protect, support, and allow things into and out of the cell.

  7. Parts of Cells • The cytoplasm is a clear jelly inside of the cell that holds the cell’s structures in place.

  8. Parts of Cells • The nucleus holds the chromosomes (DNA) that control the cell. It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

  9. Parts of Cells • The organelles are small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs.

  10. Plant Cells • Plant cells have extra structures that allow them to function.

  11. Plant Cells • The cell wall is a firm covering around the PLANT cell membrane, giving the cell extra support and protection.

  12. Plant Cells • The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and allow the PLANT cell to photosynthesize.

  13. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis- the process plants use to get energy. http://www.wonderville.ca/asset/photosynthesis

  14. Photosynthesis • During photosynthesis, plants use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to make sugar and oxygen. 6H20 + 6CO2 + sunlight ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 (water) (carbon (UV rays) (glucose) (oxygen) dioxide) REACTANTS PRODUCTS

  15. Respiration • At night, when there is no sunlight, plants perform a process called respiration. • Respiration- the process of breaking down sugar into water, carbon dioxide, and energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6H20 + 6CO2 + energy (glucose) (oxygen) (water) (carbon dioxide) • Plants respire so they can get the energy they need from the sugar they make during photosynthesis.

  16. Photosynthesis & Respiration • http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/photosynthesis/photosynthesis.swf • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration.html

  17. Cell Reproduction - Mitosis • During mitosis, chromosomes duplicate and split, move to opposite sides of the nucleus, the nucleus pinches off, then the cytoplasm pinches off.

  18. Mitosis • Two daughter cells (body cells) are formed, both of which contain the original number of chromosomes. • Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because it involves one parent cloning itself (creating a genetically identical offspring).

  19. Meiosis • During meiosis, mitosis happens first, then the chromosome pairs split apart, move to opposite sides of the nucleus, the nucleus splits, and the cytoplasm pinches off.

  20. Meiosis • FOUR daughter cells (gametes) are formed that contain half of the normal number of chromosomes. • Meiosis creates gametes, which are necessary for sexual reproduction (two parents create a genetically different offspring).

  21. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  22. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  23. Cell Specialization • Blood Cells: • Why do you think blood cells have the shape they do?

  24. Cell Specialization • Bone Cells: • Why do you think bone cells have the shape they do?

  25. Cell Specialization • Nerve Cells (neurons): • Why do you think nerve cells have the shape they do?

  26. Cell Specialization • Sperm Cells: • Why do you think sperm cells have the shape they do?

  27. Cell Specialization • All cells have different shapes. • Their shapes relate to the job they do for the organism (ex: blood cells are round so they can get through blood vessels easily).

  28. Cell Organization • How are cells organized to create living things? • http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/organisms_behaviour_health/cells_systems/activity/

  29. Cell Organization

More Related