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ENERGY RESOURCES

ENERGY RESOURCES. THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY REFERS TO THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE CHANGES. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES – # RENEWABLE SOURCES # NON RENEWABLE SOURCES. CRISIS: NOMADS WITH HOMES. 11 MILLION WOMEN IN INDIA EKE OUT LIVING BY SELLING FIREWOOD.

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ENERGY RESOURCES

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  1. ENERGY RESOURCES • THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY REFERS TO THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE CHANGES. • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES – # RENEWABLE SOURCES # NON RENEWABLE SOURCES

  2. CRISIS: NOMADS WITH HOMES • 11 MILLION WOMEN IN INDIA EKE OUT LIVING BY SELLING FIREWOOD. • IN AN AVERAGE VILLAGE WOMEN WALK AVERAGE 1000 KM A YEAR TO COLLECT FIREWOOD. • 47% OF ENERGY CONSUMED BY HOUSEHOLDS IS FIREWOOD. • DUE TO POVERTY PEOPLE UNABLE TO SHIFT TO COSTLIER SOURCES OF ENERGY. • COLLECTION OF WOODS PUT PRESSURE ON ENVIORMENT AND LEADS TO DEFORSTATION.

  3. FROM WHERE WE GET THE ENERGY ENERGY SOURCES NON RENEWABLE SOURCES OIL COAL NATURAL GAS NUCLEAR NON RENEWABLE TOTAL RENEWABLE SOURCES BIOMASS (MAINLY WOOD) SOLAR,WIND,HYDRO AND GEOTHERMAL POWER RENEWABLE TOTAL TOTAL % OF TOTAL ENERGY 32 21 23 6 82 11 7 18 100

  4. SOURCES OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

  5. COAL Coal is a solid, dark-colored, fossil fuel found in the deposits of sedimentary rocks. It is produced from the remains of ancient plants , club mosses, horse tails, seed-ferns, conifers that lived in swampy areas 400 million years ago.

  6. Coal in India • Third largest producer in the world. • Provides substantial amount of energy needs. • About 67% of power generated in the country is from coal fired boilers. • Total reserves of coal are estimated at about 201.07 billion tonnes. • Coal deposits are found primarily in eastern, central, southern parts of the country.

  7. Coal mining: as a necessity • Necessity because required for development of core infrastructure sectors like power, steel, cement etc. • Required for development of rail and port infrastructure • Need attention because require huge capital for setting up of coal washeries. • Electricity generation depends primarily on coal.

  8. Coal mining as a threat • Mining coal can be difficult and dangerous. Strip mining destroys large areas of the landscape. • Cause severe air pollution by emitting 36% of CO2 in the atmosphere. • Can be a cause of several diseases like • Pneumocniosis • Asbestos-related diseases • Lung cancer • Impaired lung function

  9. OIL • India is self-sufficient in crude oil refining • Digboi Oil refinery is the oldest in the world. • India's petroleum exportsSource: Indian Ministry of Petroleum 1997-98 2002-03 Rs.1,266 Cr. Rs. 8,219 Cr. • India is presently fourth largest consumer of oil reserve in Asia. • It’s demand is expected to double so domestic production must be increased. • Currently there are 1500 major oil fields in operation

  10. ADVANTAGES World's highest retail Petrol pump outlet (at 12, 001 ft. above sea level, at Leh) • Crude oil is easier to get out of ground. • Cheaper to transport. • Oil gas can be burnt directly.

  11. Disadvantages • Oil prices show fluctuations . • Causes air pollution. • Damage to ecosystem by CO2 emission, global warming etc. • Untold damage by major and minor spills to oceans, coastal zones and marine life.

  12. RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

  13. NATURAL GAS GASEOUS FOSSIL FUEL PRIMARY CONSTITUENT IN METHANE. THE SHORTEST AND LIGHTEST HYDROCARBON MOLECULE ALSO ETHANE , PROPANE, BUTANE PRIMERY MARKET SOURCE OF HILIUM

  14. NATURAL GAS IN INDIA • GOT ATTENTION AS A FUEL OF IMPORTANCE TWO DECADES BACK WHEN GOVT: FORMED GAIL TO LOOK AFTER DISTRIBUTION. • INDIA HAS A HYDROCARBON VISION 2025 WHICH PREDICTS A HUGE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP AND EMPHASIS ON BRIDGING THE GAP.

  15. BIO GAS • IT REFERS TO A GAS MADE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL WASTE. • IT IS GENERATED WHEN BACTERIA DEGRADES BIOLOGICAL METERIAL IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN.(ANAEROBIC DIGESTION) • IT IS A MIXTURE OF METHANE AND CO • IT IS USED FOR DIRECT COMBUSTION IN COOKING OR LIGHTING APPLICATION.

  16. SOLAR ENERGY ENERGY RECEIVED FROM SUN WHICH IS- PURE NON POLLUTING INEXHAUSTIBLE IT COMES FROM THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTION CONSTANTLY TAKING PLACE IN SUN.

  17. HINDERANCES IN USING SOLAR ENERGY • EFFICIENT COLLECTION OF SOLAR ENERGY • CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY INTO USABLE FORM. • SOLAR ENERGY IS NOT RECEIVED WHEN THE SKY IS CLOUDY.

  18. A SOLAR CELL

  19. CASE OF SOLAR LANTERN • INITIATIVE OF AUROVILLE RENEWABLE ENERGY (AuroRE). • BASIC IDEA TO PROVIDE ENERGY AS A SERVICE WHILE PROMOTING RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY. • STARTED BY HEMANT LAMBA AND CARRIED FORWARD IN CHENNAI BY ANANTH AND POORNIMA.

  20. WIND ENERGY • ENERGY GENERATED BY WIND FLOW. • GLOBALLY 25000 MW OF ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY WIND FARMS. • INDIA IS A EMERGING PLAYER.

  21. NUCLEAR POWER

  22. NUCLEAR CENTRES IN INDIA

  23. NUCLEAR POWER :PROS AND CONS - ADVANTAGES: • HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY CAN BE GENERATED • FUEL SUPPLY WILL LAST FOR LONG • WILL BE ABLE TO MEET THE WORLD ENERGY REQUIREMENT TO A CERTAIN EXTENT

  24. DISADVANTAGES • THE NUCLEAR PLANTS GENERATE DEADLY RADIOACTIVE WASTE • THE PLANTS INITIAL COST IS VERY HIGH AND IN OPERATION ALSO LOT OF COMPLEXITIES – ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN QUESTION

  25. CHERNOBYL CATASTROPHE

  26. ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER • THE COST OF GENERATION IS LOW • THERE IS NO HARMFUL EMISSION • THE RESERVOIR CAN PROVIDE WATER FOR IRRIGATION • THE RESERVOIR CAN BE USED BE FOR FISHING AND PROVIDING DRINKING WATER • CAN BE USED FOR IRRIGATION

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