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On Line Markets for Distributed Object Services: The MAJIC System

On Line Markets for Distributed Object Services: The MAJIC System. Lior Levy, Liad Blumrosen and Noam Nisan The Hebrew University, Jerusalem Presented by Liad Blumrosen. Outline. Motivation A blueprint The MAJIC system Experimental Results Conclusions. Economic systems.

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On Line Markets for Distributed Object Services: The MAJIC System

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  1. On Line Markets for Distributed Object Services:The MAJIC System Lior Levy, Liad Blumrosen and Noam Nisan The Hebrew University, Jerusalem Presented by Liad Blumrosen

  2. Outline • Motivation • A blueprint • The MAJIC system • Experimental Results • Conclusions USITS '01

  3. Economic systems • The resources belong to different organizations • Many distributed resources on the Internet • Resources owners must have motivation to share them with others CPU This leads to economic systems • payments for services • E.g. Spawn, Popcorn, SuperWeb Memory Hardware Data USITS '01

  4. Distributed objects paradigm • Computers on a network encapsulate their sharable resources in well defined interfaces • Other computers can use these resources by Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) • basis of CORBA, DCOM, JAVA RMI USITS '01

  5. Distributed objects paradigms Economic paradigm Our architecture Combining the paradigms • We propose a general architecture for augmenting distributed-object systems with payments • The architecture is easily inter-operable with the current leading technologies USITS '01

  6. 4$ Printer1.getPrice() Market.getPrinter() 3$ Printer2.getPrice() 6$ Printer3.getPrice() Printer 2 3$ Motivating Example: printer service • A laptop is looking for a printer in a network Market USITS '01

  7. Printer 2 3$ Motivating Example: printer service • A laptop is looking for a printer in a network Printer2.print( page ) Printer2.pay( 3$ ) USITS '01

  8. Service parameters • The printer service is an example of a Service Type • E.g. memory storage, database services, compression algorithms • Each Service Type has a set of parameters defining its parameter space • For example:printing quality, printing speed, paper size, printer’s location • A service provider can supply the service in a subset of this parameter space • “I can only print A4 or Letter page sizes” USITS '01

  9. Handling service parameters • The problem: market fragmentation due to multi-parameter services • eliminating competition and flexibility • The solution: work in a single market, and take parameters into account during resource assignment. USITS '01

  10. Parameters specification Service providers - “sellers” Service Users - “buyers” • Quote function • Price for providing a service for each point in the parameter space • equivalent to a “catalog” • Utility function • Buyer’s benefit from receiving a service at a certain point in the parameter space • Parameters search engine • Input: a seller’s quote function (“catalog”) • Output: the desired point in the parameter space USITS '01

  11. printer 1 params 1 Quote 1 printer 2 params 2 Quote 2 Utility function printer 3 Params search engine params 3 Quote 3 Players send functions encapsulated in objects ! The market mechanism The market place USITS '01

  12. printer 1 utilities quotes 6$ 3$ params 1 Quote 1 printer 2 3$ 2$ params 2 Quote 2 Utility function printer 3 4$ 2$ Params search engine params 3 Quote 3 The market mechanism The market place USITS '01

  13. printer 1 4$ 7$ 3$ params 1 Quote 1 printer 2 1$ 3$ 2$ params 2 Quote 2 printer 3 2$ 4$ 2$ params 3 Quote 3 The market mechanism The market place Buyer’s surplus utilities quotes The printer that provides maximal surplus USITS '01

  14. printer 1 printer 2 paying 3$ to printer 1 printer 3 Printing on printer 1 The market mechanism The market place Buyer’s surplus utilities quotes 4$ 7$ 3$ params 1 Quote 1 USITS '01

  15. Vickrey pricing • Untruthful sellers lead to inefficient allocations • We introduce the “2nd price auction for distributed objects” • generalizes Vickrey’s 2nd price auction Theorem: Our architecture is Incentive Compatible for sellers (I.e. sellers’ best strategy is to declare the truth) Proved using game theoretic notions from Mechanism Design and Auctions Theory USITS '01

  16. 2sec 3sec 2sec Load balancing as a by product • The clients wants the printing to be completed ASAP • Their utility decreases in 1$ with every second of delay. Completion time Price per page • According to a theorem and experimental results,the load balancing basically works 1 sec 1$ 1 sec 2$ USITS '01

  17. The MAJIC system Multiparameter Auctions for JIni Components • The system is built on top of Sun’s JINITM distributed system • It implements the blueprint described earlier • Built in the Hebrew University, Israel MAJIC System Economic mechanism JINI Platform USITS '01

  18. JINI Services Proxy 1 JINI Client Proxy 2 Proxy 2 Method invocation request Proxy 3 “Discovery & Join”: Registration JINITM Overview “Lookup”: Match a service that satisfies the request “The Lookup Service” USITS '01

  19. The MAJIC market • The market is an extension of the Lookup service • uses economic mechanism to perform the Lookup protocol • The seller is a JINI service provider • Upon registration, submits a quote object to the market • The buyer is a JINI client • Submits a request, containing utility and parameter search engine objects USITS '01

  20. The market performs online auction as described earlier Quote 3 Quote 2 Quote 1 Proxy 3 Proxy 2 Proxy 1 Contract Client Request Utility function Proxy 2 Search engine Market assigns the seller that brings the best surplus to the buyer The MAJIC system Services “The Lookup Service” USITS '01

  21. Quote 2 Proxy 2 Client The MAJIC system Services “The Lookup Service” • The client invokes the service using its proxy • The client pays according to the contract. Proxy 2 USITS '01

  22. Experimental Results • System performance • Measured by the market response time to clients requests • About 15% average overhead per request in a high load scenario USITS '01

  23. Experimental Results (cont.) • Economic efficiency • Clients preferences affect the market assignments as expected • Example: Assignment of high quality printers to buyers that prefer it the most USITS '01

  24. Experimental Results (cont.) • Load balancing • Clients’ utility decreases as service’s load increases • Leads to a load-balancing effect. USITS '01

  25. Conclusions • We have introduced a blueprint for an infrastructure that performs on line auctions for distributed object services. • Aspects that distinguish our work from previous systems: • A general-purpose architecture (not dedicated to a single resource). • Handling a multi-parameter space in a non trivial way. USITS '01

  26. For more details, see the MAJIC homepage: http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~majic liad@cs.huji.ac.il USITS '01

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