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Dublin

Dublin. In Ulysses , Dublin overwhelms the reader. In Dubliners, the 15 stories, though set in the same city, are not united by their geography: each story has a singular location. Dublin. Dubliners (1914).

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Dublin

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  1. Dublin • In Ulysses, Dublin overwhelms the reader • In Dubliners, the 15 stories, though set in the same city, are not united by their geography: each story has a singular location. Dublin

  2. Dubliners(1914) • Collection of 15 stories published in 1914 on the newspaper The Irish Homestead by Joyce with the pseudonym Stephen Dedalus. • Dubliners are described as afflicted people. • All the stories are set in Dublin “The city seemed to me the centre of paralysis”, Joyce stated. Nassau Street, Dublin, early 20th century

  3. Dubliners: paralysis The main theme of Dublinersparalysis Physical paralysiscaused by external forces Moral paralysislinked to religion, politics and culture Alternative to paralysis = escape which always leads to failure.

  4. Structure and style • The stories present human situations • They are arranged into 4 groups: Eveline After the Race Two Gallants The Boarding House The Sisters An Encounter Araby A Little Cloud Counterparts Clay A Painful Case Ivy Day in the Committee Room A Mother Grace The dead Childhood Adolescence Mature life Public life DUBLIN Paralysis / Escape

  5. Dubliners: narrative technique and themes • Detailed descriptions. • Naturalism combined with symbolism  double meaning of details. • Each story opens in medias res and is mostly told from the perspective of a character. • Use of free-direct speech and free-direct thought  direct presentation of the character’s thoughts. • Different linguistic registers  the language suits the age, the social class and the role of the characters. • Themes paralysis and escape. • Absence of a didactic and moral aim because of the impersonality of the artist. • Use of epiphany

  6. Dubliners: epiphany • Derived from the Greek word “epiphaneia”, epiphany means “appearance” or “manifestation. In literary terms, an epiphany is that moment in the story where a character achieves realization, awareness or a feeling of knowledge after which events are seen through the prism of this new light in the story. • James Joyce said that it is the moment in which “the soul of the commonest object … seems to us radiant, and may be manifested through any chance, word or gesture.” He means that even insignificant things in our life can suddenly inspire in us an awareness that can change our lives for good.

  7. The protagonists: Gabriel Conroy, an embodiment of Joyce himself, and Gretta, his wife. Epiphany 1 > the song The Lass of Aughrim, reminds Gretta of a young man, Michael Furey, who died for her when he was seventeen years old. Epiphany 2 > Gabriel understands he is deader than Michael Furey in Gretta’s mind. Symbols: the snow > Gabriel’s journey to the west. Dubliners: The Dead Angelica Huston in John Huston’s The Dead (1987)

  8. The Dead :Text analysis p.338 • The passage can be dividedintotwoparts: • 1) ll. 1 – 44 : Gabriel’sriot of emotions • ll. 45 – 56 : an intense moment of existence • The charactersinvolved in the text are : Gretta, herhusband Gabriel, Gabriel’saunts, guestsat the party, Michael Furey (Gretta’s first lover). • Situationdescribed: Gabriel watches Gretta sleeping and he starts to wander from the presentto the pastand to the future. The whole scene seems to lose a precise temporalconnotation. In Gabriel’sthoughtswefind the conflictsof death and life, taking and giving, past and present. • Gretta’srecalling Michael hascaused Gabriel to realisethat he and the guestsat the party are deaderthan Michael Furey. • At the end of the story Gabriel becomesone with all the living and the dead. Then, despite of hisdramaticextinction of personality and hisawareness of lackinglove,Gabrielis no longer alone. • The mosteffectiveantithesis of thisextractis the metaphorical pattern of life and death. Throughout the story the living are shownasspiritually dead and, though Michael isphysically dead, he isalive in Gretta’sheart.

  9. The Dead :Text analysis p.338 Symbols The personal names are symbols: Gabriel and Michael are the two archangels, the guards of heaven. In ecclesiastical literature Gabriel is a comfort to man, "the Governor of the West", the angel of death Michael is an angel of energy and action. Michael Furey is heroic and pure and is able to live up to the expectations that his name creates. Gabriel Conroy seems to be a parody of his Archangel.

  10. The Dead :Text analysis p.338 • Thesnowmay be both a symbol of death, becauseitcovers the dead and the living withoutdifference , a symbol of isolation and alienation and at the same time a symbol of purification. • Anotherimportantsymbolis the journey. Gabriel feelsthat the time has come for him to to «set out of hisjourneywestward» (ll. 47.48). Traditionally, «going west» means «dying». SNOW JOURNEY

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