Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Educational Toolkit Teaching Material Basic Course Module Monitoring and Maintenance 5 Definition of monitoring 5.1 Topic Prof. Guido Biscontin & Dr. Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage The aim of the present module is to introduce Professors and students to the concept of monitoring as fundamental part of a conservation project. Whenever people speak about conservation or restoration always think about the practical intervention involving for example the cleaning of the architectural and decorative surfaces(stones, frescos, mosaics, etc.). The artefact materials are in fact subject to alteration over time, which is due to the interaction between the artefact and physical (light, temperature, relative humidity, etc.), chemical (atmospheric oxygen, various pollutants), and biological (bacteria, funguses, insects, etc.) factors. For many years the attention was mainly devoted to the intervention itself aiming to the stabilization of the degradation processes without thinking of the after intervention. Only during the last decay, strong has become the attention to the concept of monitoring in Cultural Heritage as Preventive Conservation. The term “monitoring” in Cultural Heritage means not only checking the conservation state of the artefact before, during and after the restoration process but finding the link with the environment where is located. Architecture and decorative surfaces would in fact present different problems/degradation processes or phenomena depending on the specific environment: indoor- outdoor, urban- rural, marine, etc. therefore also the interventions and products would be different in order to obtain a successful intervention. In this context, crucial will be the definition and selection of suitable parameters and easy methods for monitoring over time not only the artefact conservation state but also the stability and efficiency of the products . Abstract Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice

3. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Content • Main topics of this presentation • Definition of monitoring: • Monitoring applied to architectural and decorative surfaces (stones, frescos, mosaics, stuccos, etc.) after the intervention • Monitoring actions linked to specific environment • Indoor-outdoor • Urban-rural • Marine, ect. • Evaluation of conservative intervention • Selection of best treatments • Determination of most useful parameters • Management and use • Examples • What to remember about monitoring Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice

4. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Monitoring in the conservation of Cultural Heritage can be applied to all architectural and decorative surfaces: stones, frescos, mosaics, etc. Conservation of surfaces needs continuous actions because weathering processes often continue even on restored surfaces. In recent years a sustainable conservation policy of Cultural Heritage is searched and progressively frequent soft conservation works are preferred instead of an impressive one. In this frame monitoring become a part of the conservation plan and of the intervention itself helping in the choice of the most successful intervention. 5.1. Definition Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage The term “monitoring” in Cultural Heritage means not only checking the conservation state of the artefact before, during and after the restoration process but finding the link with the environment where is located, the degradation processes and the new and old products-treatments. . 5.1. Definition • Architecture and decorative surfaces would in fact present different depending on the specific environment: • indoor- outdoor, • urban- rural, • marine, etc. Environment The interventions and products would be different in order to obtain a successful intervention. Monitoring Preventive Conservation Treatments Decay Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

6. Maintenance,monitoringstudy, analyis, etc.: lessrapid and more prepredictable trend 100% stability No control: rapiddecay 0% time Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage to overview and understand the kinetics of the stability of CH, repeating measurements over time 5.1. Monitoring means… Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. Monitoring means… In laboratory to perform evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments In situ • Selection of the best conservative treatments considering: aesthetic and material compatibility with the system, sustainability, low environmental impact, low toxicity, etc. • Determination of the most relevant indexes for the correct evaluation of the use of innovative methodologies or new products (meaningful, objective, measurable and repeatable parameters) Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. Monitoring means… evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in laboratory Biblioteca Marciana, S. Mark’s square, Venice Analysis of superficial architectural layers Patina with silicium and calcium oxalate Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. Monitoring means… evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in situ Application of differnt products • Select the best one • Check the stability, compatibility of the products over time Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. Monitoring means… to carry out evaluation tests at the end of the conservationintervention and over time to control: the efficiency of the intervention and of the products in term of compatibility -Reversibility - Water repellence - Permeability -Stability -Low toxicity -Transparency - Low colour changes, etc. In situ biologicaldisinfestation test on externalbuildings after before Instrianstone water permeabilitybefore and afterprotection treatment Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Evaluationofconservationinterventionforarchitectonic surfaces (stones, frescoes, plasters, mosaics, etc.) • Initial choice of the BEST CONSERVATIVE TREATMENTS considering required performances : aesthetic and material compatibility with the system, efficiency, ease of implementation, economy, low environmental impact, etc. Area A1 : disinfestation treatment hasn’t reached a goodlevel 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (1) • Determination of the most relevant INDEXES FOR THE CORRECT EVALUATION of the use of innovative methodologies or new products (meaningful, objective, measurable and repeatable parameters) Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

12. 35° 135° 105° Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (2) Monitoring in the conservation of Cultural Heritage can be applied to all architectural and decorative surfaces: stones, frescos, mosaics, etc. • Measurements and monitoring actions by following determined repeatable PROCEDURES (where present, international PROTOCOLS AND NORMATIVES) • Colourmeasurements on the surfaces (in loco) • Measurementsofsolublesalts (in laboratory) • Water absorptionmeasurements : e.g. in laboratory water absorption and contact angle measurements Angle <90° = wettability Angle >90° = water repellence Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

13. 35° 135° 105° Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (2) Monitoring in the conservation of Cultural Heritage can be applied to all architectural and decorative surfaces: stones, frescos, mosaics, etc. • Water absorption measurements : e.g. in laboratory water absorption and contact angle measurements CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS EVALUATION OF WATER REPELLENCE/WATER AFFINITY OF STONE SAMPLES Angle <90° = wettability Angle >90° = water repellence Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (2) • e.g. Colourmeasurements on the surfaces (in loco and in alboratory) CIELAB system: • L * defines the brightness • a * indicates the valuebetweenred and green: a * positive valuesappearreddish, negative a * valuesgreenish. • b * indicates the valuebetween yellow and blue: positive b * valuesappearyellowish, negative b * valuesbluish. Color representationusingthree-dimensionalspace (coordinatesoftristimulus) Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (2) • e.g. Colourmeasurements on the surfaces (in loco and in alboratory) DE = the difference of recorded colour values (L*a*b*) Colourmeasurementsprovideanexcellenttooltodescribe the evolutionof the deteriorationof the work overtime, pointingto the color change, the emergenceofvariousformsofdegradation. DE =10 highestacceptedvalue DE >10  DE <10  Servirebberoduefotodainserire per far vedere Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1.Monitoring: evaluation of conservation intervention (2) Monitoring in the conservation of Cultural Heritage can be applied to all architectural and decorative surfaces: stones, frescos, mosaics, etc. • Determination of performance reference levels for evaluating conservative treatments fitness and the right time for a new intervention (MONITORING AND PROGRAMMED ACTIONS) Non treated material Treated material Treated and ageing material Absorbed water (ml/cm2) Water absorption Product is deteriorated Time (min) Time for a maintenance intervention!! Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage • Indoor-outdoor Air humidity level, sun exposition, pollution, dust, particles, etc. • Urban-rural People, cars, vibrations, vegetations, etc. 5.1.2 Monitoring actions linked to specific environment • Marine, ect Venice – high salt level!! Study material resistance to salts Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Monitoring the conservation state and products Follow over time the “heath” of the surfaces Cultural heritage (after consevation intervention) Check the efficiency of the products 5.1. 3 Management and Use Planned interventions Good management of money and resources Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. 4 Example Antigraffiti System: • Organic system capable of forming a protection of the material (microcrystalline wax) • System easy to apply • System completely chemically and physically inert • System capable of giving very low chromatic variations • System with excellent reversibility • Removable system (after the writing of graffiti) with ease and with non-invasive methods, totally compatible with the historical material Application of antigraffiti system Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 5.1. 4 Example S. Mark’s square – Stone protected with antigraffiti products Before and after cleaning treatment Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring

21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage • can be applied to all architectural and decorative surfaces: stones, frescos, mosaics, etc. • checking the conservation state of the artefact before, during and after the restoration process • finding the link with the environment where is located, the degradation processes and the new and old products-treatments • architecture and decorative surfaces would in fact present different depending on the specific environment: indoor- outdoor, urban- rural, marine, etc. • interventions and products would be different in order to obtain a successful intervention • Monitoring aims to preventive conservations: wise management of money and of resources!!! . 5.1. 5 What to remember about monitoring… Prof. G.Biscontin & Dr.F.C. Izzo – Topic 5.1: Definiton of Monitoring