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Pests & Pesticides

Pests & Pesticides. ES 302 - Ch 3 Please take out your study guide. Pesticides. Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest “plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant ” – US Law What’s a pest ?

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Pests & Pesticides

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  1. Pests & Pesticides ES 302 - Ch 3 Please take out your study guide

  2. Pesticides • Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest • “plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law • What’s a pest? • Organisms that occur where & when they’re not wanted Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides • Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? • Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in your pool, pheromones

  3. Pros & Cons

  4. Pros & Cons Pros Cons Might kill other organisms (7/8 insects are not pests) “broad-spectrum” vs. selective Superbugs Some are persistent Can be toxic • Preserve crops • During growth • During storage • Improves crops • Quality of crops • Quantity of crops • Prevents disease

  5. Developing Resistance See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?

  6. Pesticide Treadmill:

  7. Persistence • Why is it good? • Why is it bad? • How does it happen? Carried by wind and water, remains in soil Easily dissolve in fat, stored

  8. Biomagnification/Bioaccumulation • Concentration of pesticide increases as you move up the food chain • How does this relate to the Rule of 10%? • http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 • http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/applets/bcscience7/bioaccumulation/

  9. Pesticides and ADHD http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-17/health/pesticides.adhd_1_pesticide-exposure-organophosphates-fruits-and-vegetables/2?_s=PM:HEALTH http://lochland.wikispaces.com/Gabby+J http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC6FcurW40g

  10. Beneficial Insects • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+J • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowers • Superbugs • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+H • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+S • ADHD, allergies • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevre • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Mun • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+T • Biopesticides • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+b • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinR

  11. Types of Pesticides • Chemical Pesticides • FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorides • Biopesticides • FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs) • Pest control devices • FYI: traps, sticky paper, black light

  12. Persistence and Biomagnification DDT dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples Thin eagle shells Used extensively in WWII http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ64sV0nSVU – DDT (2:55) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU – chlordane persistent (1:44) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf6KkjBCoVU – sprayed on children (0:31) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y-6hm7zpps – Rachel Carson (0:36) http://www.owlcorner.net/OwlCornerHome/BioAccumGame_files/Silent%20Spring.mov – spraying on people

  13. Alternatives to chemicals Biological Pesticides And Changing Farming Practices

  14. Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus

  15. Chemicals from plants

  16. Release predatory organisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

  17. Prevent Breeding / Birth Control

  18. Plant companion crops

  19. IPM • Integrated Pest Management • “…the coordinated use of pest and environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPA • AKA: common sense

  20. Integrated Pest Management includes... • Biological pest control • Mix of farming practices • Chemical pesticides If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?

  21. Steps of IPM • INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE • IDENTIFY AND LEARN • MONITOR • IS IT WORTH IT? • CHOOSE CONTROL METHODS • EVALUATE

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