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POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY

Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY. Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March, 2006. Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science. CONTENTS.

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POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY

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  1. Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March, 2006

  2. Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science CONTENTS Introduction – current situation- A bit of history- Recent developments in education, science & mobility- Accession – challenges and benefits- Ambitions POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  3. Introduction Current situation The accession constituted a formal confirmation of our participation in the process of creating the concept of modern Europe.For Poland this process was particularly long and painful; full of consequences which even now significantly influence our position. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  4. % Poland UE - 25 451.8 8.50 38.2 Population (million) 9 599 2.10 GDP [bio €] 202 197 000 7.00 Employment (million) 13 800 1 085 000 5.25 Number of researchers (thousand) 56 900 169 0.70 Expenditure on research [bio €] 1.2 290 600 3.50 Number of scientific publications 10 050 Introduction Current situation Where are we today? POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  5. A bit of history By the end of the 18th century the Kingdom of Poland become divided between the three powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria. We regain independence at the end of the first WW, but soon after come the WWII, with particularly devastating effect. The country’s infrastructure was destroyed, the human resources in science, education and culture were wiped out.The Nazi Germany sought to eradicate the intellectual fabric of our society. The annihilation was complemented by the Soviet Union, that mass executed thousands of Polish army officers, held as prisoners of war. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  6. A bit of history In 1950-ties Poland undertook reconstruction of the country – the bridges and houses, as well as skilled and educated resources of the nation.But the Stalin’s era, bringing with it the political and cultural terror, the centralised economy and the emptiness of communist ideology, did not facilitate a formation of creative and innovative science and academic sectors.In the centralised economy the industry and science are pursuing their separate objectives. The technology pull is a fiction and the science is often moved to the domains irrelevant to the wellbeing of the society. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  7. Current situation A new era has started when, in 1989, having won the right to hold free elections, Poland firmly rejected most of the constraints of the communist regime and the Soviet domination and enteredthe path of democracy. This was possible as a result of the Solidarity Revolution that launched the drive for liberty.The changes enforced by Solidarity in Poland contributed to the fall of communism in Europe and this achievement constitutes a major Polish input into the European integration.Poland embarked on a path of social and economic transformation – sometimes very painful, as accompanied by a high unemployment. But also characterised by stable economic growth. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  8. 7 6.8 6 5.2 5.6 4.8 4 3.8 3.5 3 1.2 1 Current situation Poland - GDP Growth (%) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  9. 50 44.4 45 40 37.7 35 29.5 30 25 21.6 18.7 20 13.2 15 8.6 9.8 8.5 10 2.0 3.6 5 1.9 0.7 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Current situation Poland - inflation rate (%) POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  10. Recent developments - education In the areas of interest – education, science and mobility - the profound changes started to take shape.In education we witnessed the emergence of private (non budgetary) institutions, both at school and university level.This contributed to the growth in number of university and Ph. D students unparallel anywhere in Europe. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  11. 2000 342.1 1800 1800.5 261.1 1600 300 1400 209.8 1200 174.8 1718.7 146.3 1000 1584.8 250 115.9 800 89 1431.9 1397 600 70.3 385 64.2 59 61.4 400 1231 200 200 1077 0 2001/2 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2003 906 2002 1991/2 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 845 150 100 50 0 Human resources in Poland - students NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (in thousands) - increase currently to over 2 mln. (5 times) NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES (in thousands) - increase to nearly 400 k (7 times) POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  12. 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 31072 2000 28345 4400 4400 30000 25622 4004 1500 22239 25000 3500 18774 2600 20000 2400 1000 15321 2300 2300 2000 15000 11237 1800 1500 500 9577 10000 6268 3687 0 2405 5000 1608 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 0 2002 2000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2001 Human resources in Poland – Ph. D 5105 NUMBER OF Ph.D STUDENTS - increase from 1.5 k to 33 k (22 times) NUMBER OF AWARDED Ph.D DEGREES - increase from 1.5 k to 5.5 k (4 times) POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  13. Recent developments - science In the science sector, the research community was given a strong say in the state policy and in distribution of funds from the state budget.In consequence, new avenues of research were pursued and contacts with international science were being established.But in parallel with it a significant dispersion of research potential took place. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  14. Recent developments - science SIZE OF THE R&D SECTOR (2005) State Universities 116 Private Universities 263 Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences 81 R&D units 232 POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  15. Type of R&D unit Number of R&D personnel Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences 4 600 12 200 R&D units State-owned universities 36 600 3 500 Others TOTAL (full time equivalent) 56 900 R&D personnel in Poland 2005 POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  16. Country Number of projects Ukraine 178 Russian Federation 156 Japan 128 France 120 Germany 110 China 99 Belarus 79 India 46 BILATERAL COOPERATION Bilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partners

  17. Total 1,2% Budgetary expenditure 0,90 1,0% 0,86 0,87 0,78 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,73 0,71 Non-budgetary expenditure 0,8% 0,68 0,60 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,57 0,55 [% GDP] 0,6% 0,47 0,46 0,46 0,44 0,43 0,42 0,41 0,34 0,33 0,33 0,30 0,4% 0,35 0,30 + UE 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,29 0,28 0,27 0,26 0,22 0,2% 0,0% 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005 POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  18. Recent developments – mobility The effects on mobility – Program ERASMUS (students):- steady increase in numbers- significant imbalance between foreign and Polish visitsCountry preferences in Marie Curie Actions: UK (25%),Germany (21%), France (15%) POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  19. Accession – changes and benefits The accession to the EU has opened to Poland a new era of relations with the Member Countries. In particular it has:- introduced Poland to the process of the Lisbon Strategy (building the knowledge-based economy and the knowledge-based society)- exposed our weaknesses in many areas of our life- introduced us to the discipline on R&D expenditures- accelerated the process of internal reforms- given the country and the society a spectrum of new ambitions. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  20. Accession – changes and benefits The policies of the new Polish Government, being formulated since after the 2005 elections, aim in particular:- in education - creation of a new model for university education and for a career for university researcher, in line with the Bologna declaration- in science - determined increase of state expenditures and embarking on a far reaching reform of the science sector- in mobility – formulation of dedicated programmes supporting the mobility of young researches- in employment - creation of the conditions for growth in line with the economy. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  21. progressive version I progressive version II stagnation version STRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASE to reach goals of Lisbon Strategy 3,5 3 3 2,6 2,5 2,2 2,2 2 1,9 1,8 1,65 1,5 1,5 1,3 1,25 1,06 1 1 1 0,9 0,85 0,85 0,68 0,66 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  22. Accession – changes and benefits Competitiveness and economic rules in science:- implementation of highly competitive grant system- critical assessment of all research institutes- financial incentives to support participation in EU programs- research priorities based on economic and resource assessment (Foresight) - concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative groups- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  23. Accession – challenges • Employment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation between R&D sector and economy • Meaningful participation in EU Framework Programmes - maximize participation and associated benefits in 7FP - promote excellence as a basic criterion for support from public funds - active role in coordination of national research programmes - accommodate research on social and environmental issues: global and regional - increase mobility of scientists, to and from the country POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  24. Accession – ambitions Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest. StrongestPhysics, Mathematics, Chemistry,Astrophysics,Archaeology MediumBiology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,some Eng. Sciences. Strong nationallyLiterary studies, Sociology, History POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  25. 1st step – European Research Area 2nd step – European funding of basic research European Research Council 3rd step – European Higher Education Bologna declaration, EIT Accession – ambitions New Europe needs new Universities and new higher education structure - open to most talented young people from all Europe POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

  26. Accession – ambitions POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENTMichał SEWERYŃSKI

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