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Phonetics

Phonetics. Overview/review Transcription Describing Consonants. Overview. Referring to sounds, NOT LETTERS How do describe a sound ? Produce it 3-way description The sound indicated by the symbol [p]. International Phonetic Alphabet. One-to-one relationship between symbol and sound

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Phonetics

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  1. Phonetics Overview/review Transcription Describing Consonants

  2. Overview • Referring to sounds, NOT LETTERS • How do describe a sound? • Produce it • 3-way description • The sound indicated by the symbol [p]

  3. International Phonetic Alphabet • One-to-one relationship between symbol and sound • Universal • Based on roman alphabet, but they are not letters

  4. Transcription Practice • Transcribe: • Your name • Linguistics, hiccup, teeth, teethe, delay, should, sign, sane, phonetics, yellow

  5. Describing Consonants • We use three parameters to describe consonants: • Voicing • Place of articulation • Manner of articulation • The IPA chart shows all three parameters for each phone

  6. Voicing • The state of the vocal folds (VF) determines whether a sound is voiced or voiceless • When VF are open air can pass through it freely, without any vibration • When VF are drawn close together air passes through it with w/ difficulty, creating vibration • Compare [s] vs [z] ; [f] vs [v]; [k] vs [g]

  7. Place of Articulation • Refers to WHERE in the vocal tract a constriction is made (generally with some part of the tongue)

  8. Vocal Tract

  9. Places of Articulation (See p. 39-40 in CP) • Bilabial [p, b, m, w] • Closure of both lips • Labiodental [f, v] • Lower lip touches upper teeth • (Inter)Dental [T, D] • Tongue protrudes through teeth • Alveolar [t, d, s, z, n, l, r] • Tongue touches alveolar ridge

  10. Places of Articulation, Continued • Palatal [s&, Z, c&, d, y] • Top of tongue approximates/touches the middle/hard palate • Velar [k, g, ŋ] • Back of tongue touches the soft palate/velum • Glottal [h, ] • Opening or closing of the glottis (the space between the vocal folds)

  11. Manner of Articulation • Refers to HOW this constriction is made

  12. Manners of Articulation • Stop [p, b, t, d, k, g, ] & [n, m, N] • airflow through mouth is completely impeded • Fricative [f, v, s, z, d, t, s, z, h] • narrow constriction produces turbulence • Affricate [c&, dZ] • a stop followed by a fricative

  13. Manners of Articulation, cont’d • Nasal [m, n, N] • air flows through the nose; velum is lowered • Approximants [l, r (liquids)] [w, j (glides)] • wide constriction that does not produce turbulence ** FLAP: the voiced alveolar flap [R] is also an English sound (prevalent in US English).**

  14. Drills • Voicing • VD or VL • Place • BL, LD, ID, A, P, V, G • Manner • S, F, AF, N, AP

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