Circulatory, Respiratory, & Excretory System

1. Circulatory, Respiratory, & Excretory System Chapter 34 1

3. Functions of the Circulatory System • Transport oxygen & nutrients throughout the body • Move waste products away from tissues • Circulates heat • Aids the immune system by circulating white blood cells • Provides clotting factors

4. Blood Vessels • Arteries – carry oxygen rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body • Veins – carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart • Capillaries – microscopic vessels in which the exchange of gasses occurs

5. Anatomy of the Heart http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/cs/pat/lvad/heart_anatomy.html

6. Blood Components • Plasma – the fluid portion of blood. • Red blood cells – carry oxygen. • Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clotting. • White blood cells – attack foreign substances.

7. Blood Factor • Blood factor – a specific combination of antigens, enzymes, and proteins in the blood.

8. ABO

10. Rh Factor • Positive – its present • Negative – not present

11. Blood Donation • AB+ - the universal receiver • O- - the universal donor

12. Blood Type & Genetics • Possible Genes – IA IB i

14. Common Problems • Atherosclerosis – clogged arteries (can lead to heart attack).

15. Prevention • Exercise • Check your numbers • Happiness • Food – healthy oils • Family History • Supplements

16. Cardiology Lab • http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vlabs/

18. Respiration • Breathing – mechanical movement of air into the lungs • External respiration – exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood • Internal respiration – the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body

19. The Path of Air • Trachea – windpipe • Bronchi – branches that connect the trachea and the lungs • Lungs – organ where gas exchange takes place • Alveoli – tiny air sacs in the lungs where air enters and leaves the blood http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/a385_l2-respiratory-system.html

20. Common Problems • Asthma – respiratory pathways become irritated & bronchioles constrict • Bronchitis – respiratory pathways become infected, causing productive coughing • Emphysema – Alveoli break down, resulting in less gas exchange

21. Common Problems • Pneumonia – infection in the lungs that causes the alveoli to collect mucus • Pulmonary tuberculosis – a specific bacterium infects the lungs, lowering the elasticity of the capillaries and decreasing gas exchange • Lung cancer – uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue

22. Prevention • STOP SMOKING • Breath Deeper • Breath Cleaner

23. Excretory System

24. Purpose of the Excretory System • Maintain homeostasis by removing waste from the body. • Maintain the pH level of the blood.

25. Path of Waste (Urine) • Waste products form in the cells of the body (example: urea forms in the liver). • Waste is carried away from the cells by the circulatory system & brought to the kidneys. • The kidneys filter the blood & absorbs waste (such as salts). • Water & waste are sent through the ureters to the urethra for excretion. http://www.conncoll.edu/academics/departments/biology/humanphysanims/excretory.html

26. Other Waste Organs • Skin – removes excess heat and salt through sweat • Lungs – removes carbon dioxide.

27. Kidney Disorders • Infections – symptoms include fever, chills, & lower back pain • Nephritis – symptoms include blood in urine & protein in urine • Kidney stones – cause painful urination and possibly block urination

28. Prevention • Drink 64 ounces of water a day!