What is Teamwork?

1. What is Teamwork? Can Teamwork Enhance Patient Safety?

2. What Teamwork Is • Teamwork is a set of interrelated behaviors, cognitions and attitudes that combine to facilitate coordinated, adaptive performance. • Skills + Knowledge + Attitude = Competence • Effective teams have members who anticipate each other’s needs; they can coordinate without the need to communicate overtly.

3. What Teamwork Is • High-performing teams develop a sense of collective efficacy and “teamness.” • Optimize resources – know each other’s strengths • Self-Correcting – compensate for each other • The individual members recognize their interdependence and believe in the ability of the team to solve complex problems • Know how things are supposed to go, but adapt when they don’t go as planned

4. What Teamwork is Not • Teamwork depends on a willingness to cooperate for a shared goal • Team work does require you to like or “feel close” to your team members • Teamwork does not require you to work with team members on a permanent basis. • Teamwork is sustained by a shared set of teamwork skills rather than a permanent assignment • Teamwork is as imperative in daily routines as it is in emergencies

5. What Do Teams Think, Do and Feel? • Teamwork requires KSA • Knowledge • Skills • Attitude

6. What Do Teams Think, Do and Feel? • Knowledge – what do we need to know? • Strengths and weakness of each other • Goal, objectives, resources, and norms • Roles and Responsibilities • By understanding the unique roles and responsibilities of an interdependent health care team, even newly formed team members can quickly realize shared team models in a dynamic environment

7. What Do Teams Think, Do and Feel? • Skills – what do we need to do? • Proactively and reactively adapt to changing circumstances • Use clear and concise closed-loop communication • Provide Back-Up Behavior • Know each role’s responsibilities • Monitor each other for the safety of the patient • Make informed decisions • Prevent task fixation and maintain situational awareness

8. What Do Teams Think, Do and Feel? • Attitude – What do we need to feel? • A shared vision – AKA - Shared Mental Model • Sense of cohesion and mutual trust • Motivation to achieve collective mission, objectives and tasks • “Character trumps Competence every time” • Dr. Tim Irwin, “Derailed”

9. Teamwork • Depends upon the ability of each member • Anticipate the needs of others • Adjust to each other’s actions in a dynamic environment • Have shared understanding of how a procedure should happen in order to identify when errors are occurring, have a potential to occur, and how to correct those errors