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Language Terms

Language Terms. Standard language -an official language sustained by the state in the form of state examination for teachers, civil servants and others. Dialect -regional variation of a standard language. Language family -a group of languages descended from a single, earlier tongue.

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Language Terms

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  1. Language Terms • Standard language-an official language sustained by the state in the form of state examination for teachers, civil servants and others. • Dialect-regional variation of a standard language. • Language family-a group of languages descended from a single, earlier tongue. • Language subfamily-a further division of language groups. E.g. Romance language is a subfamily of Indo-European.

  2. Regional differences in a standard language; • Syntax-the way words are put together • Vocabulary • Pronunciation • Cadence or rhythm • Accents can reveal the regional home of a person. • Isogloss-a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature is found.

  3. Dialect-variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines- vocabulary-syntax- pronunciation- cadence-pace of speech Isogloss -A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs

  4. Origin & Diffusion of Languages • Mother Tongue-the first language spoken by Homo sapiens about 200,000 years ago. • Deep reconstruction-by studying sound shifts, linguists try to re-create an extinct language. • Language divergence-the differentiation that takes place over time and distance. • Language convergence-when long isolated languages make contact through diffusion. • Language replacement-traditional languages of small groups of less advanced people were replaced or greatly modified by an invading tongue. • Linguists can find linkages among languages by examining sound shifts – a slight change in a word across languages over time.

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