7-1 Regional Economies Create Differences

1. 7-1 Regional Economies Create Differences Textbook Pgs. 198-203

2. Another Revolution Affects America • 19th century many inventions were aiding manufacturing. • Interchangeable parts – standardized parts that can be used in place of one another. • Mass production – production of goods in large quantities. • Eliminated craftsmen who would be the only one to create a particular item. • Started the Industrial Revolution

3. Great Britain Starts a Revolution • Began in Great Britain (18th century) • Came up with ways to generate power using water and coal. • Then developed power driven machinery. • Since people were living longer, there was an abundant work force available.

4. The Industrial Revolution in the United States • Primary source of income in U.S. was international trade, not manufacturing. • Embargo Act of 1807 and War of 1812 (impressment) created a demand for manufacturing.

5. New England Industrializes • 1793 Samuel Slater established the first mechanized textile factory in America. (Pawtucket, Rhode Island) • Built cotton-spinning machines that produced thread. • 1813 Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson built a weaving factory in Waltham, Massachusetts, and outfitted it with power machinery. • By 1822 created another one in Lowell, Massachusetts. • Thousands of people (mostly women) came to work.

6. Agriculture in the North • Farmers moving into the Old Northwest (area north of the Ohio River, what is now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan) had small farms where they grew what they needed. • Realized they could raise one or two crops or types of livestock and sell what they produced at city markets, and purchase from stores whatever else they needed. • Little demand for slaves. • By 1804 almost all states north of Delaware had enacted laws to abolish slavery or provide for its gradual end.

7. Cotton Becomes King in the South • Eli Whitney – cotton gin (cotton engine) • Could remove seeds from cotton • Created a demand for more slaves • Plantation system of farming transformed Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama into a booming Cotton Kingdom. • Cotton was in high demand in Great Britain

8. Clay Proposes the American System • 1815 President Madison saw that the nation was dividing and knew that a plan was needed to keep it unified. • Establish a protective tariff • Resurrect the national bank • Sponsor the development of transportation systems as well as other internal improvements • Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun rallied behind it. • Henry Clay (Speaker of House) called it American System.

9. Clay Proposes the American System • Would unite nation’s economic interests. • North would produce the manufactured goods that farmers in the South and West would buy. • South and West would raise most of the grain, meat, and cotton needed in North. • Each part of the country would sustain each other so U.S.A would be economically independent of Britain and other European nations.

10. Tariffs and National Bank • British merchants flooded U.S. with iron, textiles and other merchandise they stockpiled during war of 1812. • Was cheaper to buy from Britain then U.S. • Tariff of 1816 taxed imports almost forcing U.S. to buy products produced within the United States. • Would help pay for internal improvements (roads, canals, lighthouses) • North liked this idea and Clay swayed the South to pass the Act.

11. Tariffs and National Bank • National Bank (BUS) would benefit people of all regions. • Create a currency that would be used country wide.

12. Erie Canal and Other Internal Improvements • Road Projects • Turnpikes – collection of tolls that had to be paid in order for the spiked pole to turn to continue their journey. • National Road – highways • Erie Canal – 363-mile long linked Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. • When people saw how New York reaped the benefits financially, other states started to create such projects. • 1816 President James Monroe president. • People in the North and the South welcomed him (unified nation)