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Essential Oils Composition

Essential Oils Composition. KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI. Essential Oils are complex mixture of sometimes hundreds of chemicals compounds. EXAMPLE ; Cananga Odorata ( Cananga Oil) : 37 % b- caryophyllene 12.2% farnasene 10.5% a- caryophyllene 7.6% g- cadinene 5.4% benzyl benzoate

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Essential Oils Composition

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  1. Essential Oils Composition KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI

  2. Essential Oils are complex mixture of sometimes hundreds of chemicals compounds. EXAMPLE ; CanangaOdorata (Cananga Oil) : 37 % b-caryophyllene 12.2% farnasene 10.5% a-caryophyllene 7.6% g-cadinene 5.4% benzyl benzoate 1.8% geranyl acetate 1.7% linalool 1.1% (Z.E)-farnesol 1.1% nerolidol 0.6% geraniol 0.1% benzyl salicylate ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION

  3. Essential Oils Composition Component of Essential Oils can be classified into 4 major groups : • ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS • TERPENE AND TERPENE DERIVATIVES • BENZENE DERIVATIVES • MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS

  4. ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS • Aliphatic Compounds are non-aromatic organic compounds. The chain of C-atoms may be straight, branched, saturated, or unsaturated. • Aliphatic Compounds : Aliphatic of Hidrocarbon, alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, or ester • Hidrocarbon compounds occur abundantly in foodstuffs such as fruit, but contribute to their odour to a limited extent only. • The highly unsaturated hydrocarbons contribute significantly to the odour of essential oils, example: 1,3-trans-5-cis-undecatriene and 1,3-trans-5-trans undecatrienein galbanum oil

  5. Aliphatic Alcohol • The odour of most aliphatic alcohols is weak and their role as components in fragrance compositions is limited

  6. Aliphatic Aldehydes / Keton • Aliphatic Aldehydes are important compounds in perfumery and flavouring, but keton have limited role in odour.

  7. Aliphatic Esters • Aliphatic Esters are important flavour and fragrance compounds occuring widely in nature.

  8. Terpenes, or terpenoids, are the largest group of secondary products (metabolites). They are all formed from acetyl CoA or glycolytic intermediates. TERPENES AND ITS DERIVATIVES

  9. All terpenes are formed from 5-C elements Isoprene is the basic structural element. CLASSIFICATION OF TERPENES

  10. CLASSIFICATION OF TERPENES Terpenes are classified by the number of 5-C atoms they contain 10-Carbon terpenes (contain 2 C-5 units) – monoterpenes 15- Carbon terpenes (3 C-5 units) are called sesquiterpenes. 20-carbon terpenes (4 C-5 units) are diterpenes. Larger terpenes (30 Carbons) are called triterpenes (triterpenoids), 40 Carbons – called tetraterpenes and polyterpenoids.

  11. Terpenoids contain only the most volatile terpenes (i.e. molecular weight is not too high)  mono and sesquiterpenes May occur as oxygenated derivatives, e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, oxides & esters. TERPENOIDS

  12. Monoterpene • Monoterpene can be acyclic, monocyclic, or bicyclic(sometimes tricyclic). • Acyclic monoterpenes unstable, and some have aslightly aggressive odour and taste of essential oils to a limited extent only. • Ex: myrcene , ocimene

  13. Cyclic Monoterpenes • Cyclic Monoterpenes occurs in considerable amount, but generally contribute relatively little in odourand often serve as starting material for the biological and chemical synthesis. • A-terpinene, limonene, terpinolene

  14. BicyclicMonoterpene • There are 5 bicyclicmonoterpenes : thuyene, carene, pinene, camphene, and fenchene.

  15. sesquiterpenes • Sesquiterpenea are compounds generated from 3 isoprene unit and conforming to the formula C15H24. • Sesquiterpenen can be a acyclic (ex.farnesene), bicyclic ( two C6-ring or C6 and C5 ring) or monocyclic (ex. Humulene, C11 ring)

  16. terpenoid

  17. EXAMPLES OF TERPENES • LIMONENE • MENTHOL • SESQUITERPENES

  18. Structural classification: Monocyclic terpene Functional Classification: Unsaturated HC Occurrence: Citrus fruit i. LIMONENE

  19. Structural classification: Monocyclic with hydroxyl group Functional classification: Alcohol Occurrence: Peppermint ii. MENTHOL

  20. (Contain 3 isoprene units) Acyclic – E.g. Farnesol Monocyclic – E.g. Bisobolol Bicyclic e.g. Chamezulene (Chamomile) iv. SESQUITERPENES

  21. TERPENOID BASED ON SKELETON OF C CHAIN: ACYCLIC TERPENOID • TERPRENE ALCOHOL, EX GERANIOL • ACYCLIC TERPENE ALDEHYDES/KETONE, EX GERANIAL CYCLIC TERPENOID (ALCOHOL, KETONE) BASED ON FUNGTIONAL GROUPS: ALCOHOL KETON/ALDEHYDE ESTER

  22. The Compounds containing benzene ring E.g. Vanillin B. BENZENE DERIVATIVES (AROMATIC COMPOUNDS)

  23. BENZENA DERIVATIVEs

  24. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS

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