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Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears

Explore how President Jackson supported Indian removal, the Indian Removal Act's impact, Cherokee resistance, and the Trail of Tears tragedy, along with the Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw experiences.

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Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears

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  1. Indian Removal ActTrail of Tears

  2. The Big Idea • President Jackson supported a policy of Indian removal. • Main Ideas • The Indian Removal Act authorized the relocation of Native Americans to the West. • Cherokee resistance to removal led to a disagreement between Jackson and the Supreme Court. • Other Native Americans resisted removal with force. Indian Removal

  3. The Act

  4. Native Americans had long lived in settlements stretching from Georgia to Mississippi. • Jackson and other political leaders wanted to open land to settlement by American farmers. • Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. • The act authorized the removal of Native Americans living east of Mississippi to lands in the West. The Indian Removal Act authorized the relocation of Native Americans to the West.

  5. Congress then established the Indian Territory. • Native Americans would be moved to land in present-day Oklahoma. • Congress approved the creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage removal.

  6. Choctaw (1831-1833) • First to be sent to Indian Territory. • 7.5 million acres of their land taken by Mississippi. • Federal aid that was promised the Choctaw never arrived. • One-fourth died on the way. • Creek (1836-1837) • resisted removal • were captured, put in chains and led to the Indian Territory • Chickasaw(1837-1838) • Negotiated treaty for better supplies, but many died. Indian Removal

  7. Cherokee Nation (1838) • Cherokees adopted white culture, had own government and a writing system developed by Sequoya • They set up schools where their children could learn how to read and write English • Had an election system and a court system Cherokee resistance to removal led to disagreement between Jackson and the Supreme Court.

  8. They published a newspaper printed in both English and Cherokee • After gold was found on their land, their rights were ignored and they were forced to move • They refused to move and the Georgia militia began attacking Cherokee towns • The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia Cherokee Nation (1838)

  9. Supreme Court ruled in the Cherokees’ favor in Worcester v. Georgia, but President Jackson sided with Georgia and took no action to enforce the ruling. This violated his presidential oath to uphold the laws of the land. Trail of Tears • In 1838, U.S. troops forced Cherokees on 800 mile march to Indian Territory. One-fourth of 18,000 Cherokees died. Cherokee Nation (1838)

  10. Remember the job of the president is to ENFORCE Laws

  11. Chief Black Hawk of the Fox and Sauk fought rather than leave Illinois. • He was eventually forced to leave, after running out of food and supplies. Other Native Americans resisted removal with force

  12. Osceola led his followers in the Second Seminole War in Florida. • Hundreds of Seminoles, including Osceola were killed, and some 4,000 Seminoles were removed • Small groups of Seminole resisted removal, and their descendants live in Florida today. Other Native Americans resisted removal with force

  13. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Trail+of+Tears+John+Green&&view=detail&mid=D9454980496A4C99DD93D9454980496A4C99DD93&FORM=VRDGARhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Trail+of+Tears+John+Green&&view=detail&mid=D9454980496A4C99DD93D9454980496A4C99DD93&FORM=VRDGAR 12:43 minutes Crash Course Westward Expansion DAWES ACT

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