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14. Motherboards

14. Motherboards. Dezső Sima Fall 2006.  D. Sima, 2006. Overview. 1 Predecessors. 2 Desktop motherboards. 2.1 Overview. 2.2 AT. 2.3 Baby AT. 2.4 LPX. 2.5 ATX. 2.6 NLX. 2.7 BTX. 3 Server/workstation motherboards. 4 Overview of the evolution of motherboards. 1. Predecessors (1).

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14. Motherboards

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  1. 14. Motherboards Dezső Sima Fall 2006  D. Sima, 2006

  2. Overview 1 Predecessors 2Desktop motherboards 2.1Overview 2.2AT 2.3 Baby AT 2.4 LPX 2.5ATX 2.6 NLX 2.7 BTX 3Server/workstation motherboards 4Overview of the evolution of motherboards

  3. 1. Predecessors (1) 1/4 5 1/4 5 1/4 5 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/4 5 1/4 5 AT FD HD Memory size Date of Proc. fc Memory No. of ISA slots Motherboard size (standard) (standard) Designation Remarks Type intro. type Min. Max. Type Chipset 8-bit 16-bit inches Mhz mm on-board on-board Size KB MB 1 IBM/PC 64 KB Soldered+DIPP no no - 5 8/81 8088 4.77 16 KB 5150 2 4.77 no 360 K 10 MB 8 IBM/PC-XT 5160 Mod. 087 3/83 8088 128 KB 256 KB DIPP - 8.5"*12" 216*305 - 6 2 80286 1.2 M 12"*13.8" 305*350 5170 Mod. 068 512 KB DIPP 8/84 6 256 KB no Type 1 MOB IBM/PC-AT 5170 Mod. 099 8/84 6 512 KB 6 12"*13.8" 2 80286 DIPP 512 KB no 360 K 20 MB 305*350 Type 1 MOB 30 MB DIPP Mod. 239 10/85 80286 6 no 2 6 238*350 Type 2 MOB 512 KB 512 KB 720 K 9.3"*13.8" 3 8 4/86 512 KB 1.44 M 6 9.3"*13.8" no 512 KB 30 MB 2 Mod. 319 238*350 80286 Type 2 MOB DIPP 4 238*350 Type 2 MOB 4/86 8 512 KB 1.44 M 2 6 9.3"*13.8" no 512 KB DIPP Mod. 339 80286 30 MB 4 9/86 8.6"*13" 5162 DIPP+SIMM/30 80286 6 640 KB 640 KB 1.2 M 20 MB no 218*330 5 IBM/PC XT-286 3 1 BASIC compiler in PROM, up to two optional FD with 160 KB/diskette, the max. on-board memory was increased to 256 KB in 3/83. 2 Several further models followed with enhanced features. Baby AT 3 84-Key keyboard. 4 101-Key keyboard. Figure 1.1: Main features of early IBM/PCs

  4. 1. Predecessors (2) ROM RAM 16-64 kbyte or 64-256 kbyte 5x ISA/16 Casette Keyboard 8087 arithm. proc. socket Parallel I/O DMA vezérlő Intel 8088 CPU PC Figure 1.2: The motherboard of the IBM PC Source: http://www.tomh.net/museum/mobo/pccassif.html

  5. 1. Predecessors (3) Baby AT Figure 1.3: Main features of early COMPAQ PCs

  6. 2. Main types of motherboards AT 5 2 4 LPX ATX w/riser NLX 3 Baby AT 7 ATX BTX 7 6 microBTX microATX 7 picoBTX 2.1. Overview (1) 8/84 Enhancedversion 1987 11/96 12/99 Chipsets Slimboxes 1 Enhancedversion Efficient cooling ~1985 8/95 Value oriented 1/98 Value oriented 9/03 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 1 Baby AT: Smaller board size through higher integrated components (chip sets) 2 Non-standardized slimline design with a central mounted riser card allowing 2-3 expansion slots 3 Through better component arrangement reduced cost and EMI emission, integrated AGP (from version 2.02 on) 4 Standardized, improved slimline design with an edge mounted riser card, integrated AGP 5 Low cost slimline ATX design by using a riser card with 2-3 expansion slots Figure 2.1: Genealogy of major form factors 6 Reduced size low cost ATX design with up to four expansion slots In-line core layout to improve system cooling with scalable board dimensions 7

  7. 2.1. Overview (2) AT 5 2 4 LPX ATX w/riser NLX 3 Baby AT 7 ATX BTX 7 6 microBTX microATX 7 picoBTX PCI 8/84 1987 11/96 12/99 ~1985 8/95 1/98 9/03 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures

  8. ISA EISA PCI PCI v.2 PCI v.2.11 33 MHz 32-bit 8.33 MHz 8/16-bit 8.33 MHz 32-bit 33 MHz 64-bit 33/66 MHz 32/64-bit 1987 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 1995 Figure 2.3: Introducing the PCI bus

  9. 2.1. Overview (2) AT LPX ATX w/riser NLX Baby AT ATX BTX microBTX microATX picoBTX PCI HUB architecture 8/84 1987 11/96 12/99 ~1985 8/95 1/98 9/03 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures

  10. PCI architecture HUB architecture P P System contr. MCH PCI Perif. contr. ICH PCI ISA Figure 2.4: Contrasting the PCI and the HUB architectures

  11. 2.1. Overview (3) AT LPX ATX w/riser NLX Baby AT ATX BTX microBTX microATX picoBTX SIMM/72 DIMM/168 8/84 1987 11/96 12/99 ~1985 8/95 1/98 9/03 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 Figure 2.5: Introducing new types of memory modules

  12. 2.1. Overview (4) AT LPX ATX w/riser NLX Baby AT ATX BTX microBTX microATX picoBTX PCI ATA AGP AC ‘97 PCI-E USB LPC SATA 8/84 1987 11/96 12/99 ~1985 8/95 1/98 9/03 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 Figure 2.6: Introducing new types of buses

  13. 2.1. Overview (5) Typ. nr. of Date of Type of Typical board measures (W*D) Case intro. strandard inches mm I/O-slots AT 8/84 Quasi-standard Full AT, Full Tower 8 12"*13.8" 305*350 7/8 Baby AT ~1985 Quasi-standard 8.6"*13" (~9"-13") 218*330 (~229-330) Baby AT LPX (Western Digital) ~1987 Quasi-standard 3/4 9"*13" (~9"-13") 229*330 (~229-330) Slimline (8"-9")*(10"-13.6") NLX 11/96 Standard 3/4 Slimline (203-229)*(254-345) 12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6") ATX 8/95 Standard 7 305*244 (~178-244) ATX 4 MicroATX 1/98 Standard 9.6"*9.6" MicroATX 244*244 ATX with riser 12/99 Standard 2/3 12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6") Slimline 305*244 (~178-244) Slimline MicroATX with riser 12/99 Standard 2/3 244*244 9.6"*9.6" BTX BTX 9/03 Standard 7 12.8"*10.5" 325*267 MicroBTX MicroBTX 9/03 Standard 4 10.4"*10.5" 264*267 PicoBTX 9/03 Standard 1 8"*10.5" 203*267 PicoBTX W: Maximum allowable width D: Maximum allowable depth Figure2.7: Salient features of major form factors

  14. 2.2. AT (1) 8/16-bit ISA slots 305 DIPP CPU (286) KBD KBD PC 350 Figure 2.8: Layout of an AT-motherboard

  15. 2.2. AT (2) DRAM 512 Kbyte 2x 8 bit/ 5x 16 bit ISA 8087 arithm. proc. socket Keyboard PC Intel 8088 CPU Figure 2.9: The motherboard of the IBM PC/AT Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm

  16. 2.2. AT (3) This is a Western Digital Disk Drive Interface Card. This is a Case Interface, both parallel and serial. Figure 2.10: Adapter cards of the IBM PC/AT Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm

  17. 2.3. Baby AT (1) KBD PC Power connector 244 SIMM/30 8/16-bit ISA slots L2 cache DIPP CPU (386) 218 Figure 2.11: Layout of an early Baby AT-motherboard

  18. 2.3. Baby AT (2) KBD 230 FD PC HD PCI/32 slots SIMM/72 ISA/16 slots CPU (Pentium) L2 cache 218 Figure 2.12: Layout of a late Baby AT-motherboard

  19. 2.3. Baby AT (3) 3x PCI/32 PC System contr. 4x SIMM/72 3x ISA/16 FD L2 CPU Periph. contr. IDE Figure 2.13: Example: A Pentium-based late Baby AT-motherboard

  20. 2.4. LPX (1) PCI/32 ISA/16 I/O connectors PC 330 Riser card HD FD RAM SIMM/72 CPU Pentium DIPP L2 cache 229 Figure 2.14: Layout of an LPX-motherboard

  21. 2.4. LPX (2) Figure 2.15: Example: A Pentium-based LPX-motherboard (The PB680 from Packard Bell) source: http://www.geocities.com/anotherpackardbellsite/en_pb_carte680.htm#1

  22. 2.5. ATX (1) 1  Double-high expandable I/O Figure 2.16: Layout principles of an ATX case Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01, Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

  23. MIDI/Game port MIDI/Game port USB PS/2 Mouse VGA COM1 PS/2 Keyb. Line Out Line In Mic In Figure 2.17: Double height connectors of an ATX motherboard Source: ABIT SL6 Users’s Manual http://www.abit.com.tw

  24. 2.5. ATX (1) 1  Double-high expandable I/O 2  One chassis fan 3 Processor located near power supply 7 Six full-length slots 4 One power connector 5 Connectors close to peripheral bays 6 Easy to access system memory Figure 2.18: Layout principles of an ATX case Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01, Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

  25. 2.5. ATX (2) ATX Baby AT AT Figure 2.19: Placement of the mounting holes on the AT, Baby AT, and ATX motherboards Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01, Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf

  26. 2.5. ATX (3) Main types of ATX motherboards Early PCI-based Late PCI-based Early port-based Mature port-based Serial port-based Chipset 430 440 81x/82x 84x/86x 915 Pentium PentiumII/ PentiumIII (slot 1) PentiumIII Pentium4 Pentium4 Processor Prescott Typ. Memory SIMM/72 DIMM/168 I/O IDE/ATA USB AGP PCI-E Example Example Example Example

  27. 2.5. ATX (4) AT 5 2 4 LPX ATX w/riser NLX 3 Baby AT ATX Early port based Serial port based Mature port based Late PCI based 8/84 1987 11/96 12/99 1 ~1985 8/95 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 84 Figure 2.20: Main types of ATX motherboards

  28. 2.5. ATX (5) USB I/O connector PC PC 186 Slot1 (Pentium II/III) PCI/32 AGP DIMM/168 ISA/16 HD FD 305 Figure 2.21: Layout of a late PCI-based ATX-motherboard

  29. 2.5. ATX (6) 3x ISA/16 4x PCI/32 AGP ATX connectors CPU (Slot1) System contr. PC 4x DIMM/168 BIOS Peripherial contr. Battery FD IDE Figure 2.22: A late PCI-based motherboard for PentiumIIs (MSI’s MS-6111) (Based on Intel’s 440LX chipset for slot 1 processors (1997) Source: http://www.msi.com.tw/program/support/download

  30. 2.5. ATX (7) USB I/O connector CPU (Pentium III) PC PC 186 PCI/32 AGP DIMM/168 ISA/16 HD FD 305 Figure 2.23: Layout of an early port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium III/Pentium4 processors.

  31. 2.5. ATX (8) ATX connectors CNR 5x PCI/32 AGP PC MCH CPU Battery 3x DIMM BIOS ICH FD IDE Figure 2.24: Early, port based ATX motherboard for Pentium IIIs (Abit’s SL6) (based on Intel’s 815 chipset) Source: http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb

  32. 2.5. ATX (9) 4x PCI/32 AGP ATX connectors Battery CPU (P4) BIOS 4x DIMM/168 ICH FD MCH PC IDE Fgure 2.25: Mature port-based ATX motherboard for Pentium4 processors (Intel’s D865PERL) Source: http://www.intel.com/products/motherboard/d865perl/index.htm

  33. 2.5. ATX (10) I/O connector PCI E. x1 CPU (Pentium 4) 244 PCI/32 PCI E. x16 HD DIMM/168 SATA PC FD 305 Figure 2.26: Layout of a serial-port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescott processors.

  34. 2.5. ATX (11) PCI Ex16 MCH (915P/G) BIOS 2x PCI Ex1 3x PCI/32 P4 Prescott Bat IDE RAID c. (VIA 6410) IHC6/6R 4x DIMM 2x USB Syst. monitoring 2xIDE IDE 4x SATA FD PS Figure 2.27: Serial port-based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescotts (MSI’s 915G Combo) http://www.pricegrabber.com/search_getprod.php/masterid=3191326

  35. 2.6. NLX (1) PCI/32 HD FD I/O connectors PC ISA/16 AGP Riser card 330 Slot1 (Pentium II/III) SIMM/168 229 Figure 2.28: Layout of an NLX-motherboard

  36. 2.6. NLX (2) Figure 2.29: View of an NLX-motherboard Source: Intel Corporation, Intel NLX Form Factor http://www.intel.com

  37. 2.7. BTX (1) Figure 2.30: Overview of BTX-motherboard sizes Source: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003 http://www.anandtech.com/

  38. 2.7. BTX (2) I/O connector PCI E. x1 ICH SATA HD PCI/32 267 PCI E. x16 MCH FD DIPP/168 CPU (Pentium4) PC 325 Figure 2.31: Layout of a micro BTX-motherboard

  39. 2.7. BTX (3) PCI-X/64 ATX connectors PC ICH PCI IDE 4x DIMM/168 MCH FD CPU Figure 2.32: A micro BTX-motherboard (Intel’s D915GMH) http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/mh

  40. 2.7. BTX (4) Figure 2.33: Temperature distribution in the example motherboard Source: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003 http://www.anandtech.com/

  41. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (1) Figure 3.1: Block diagram of a pserial port-based entry level server motherboard ( P8SCT) Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm

  42. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (2) ATX connectors 2x GbE PCI-X 64bit 4x DIMM IDE PCI MCH E7221 ICH IPMI CPU IDE Figure 3.2: Example: A P4-based ATX-board for entry-level servers (The P8SCT from Supermicro) Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm

  43. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (3) IPMI: Intelligent Platform Management Interface (Intel, HP, DELL, NEC) • Set of common hardware and firmware interfaces to manage the system remotely • Operates independently of the OS • Operates even in the absence of the OS or if the monitored system is not powered on • Alerts can be sent out via a serial or LAN connection to a remote client (from v. 1.5 on) • It allows to query platform status, to review hardware logs, etc. IPMI consists of a main controller, called BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) and other satellite controllers.

  44. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (4) Remote Mgmt. Card ICMB LAN MODEM / Serial Bridge Controller Aux. IPMB “side-band” RS-232 Mgmt Netwk Ctrlr SMBus/PCI Mgmt. Bus PCI Baseboard Chassis Satellite Mgmt. Controller IPMB (I2C) NV Store I2C / SMBus Baseboard Mgmt. Controller (BMC) sensors & control circuitry SDR, SEL, FRU I2C/SMBus SENSORs & control circuitry FRU SEEPROM System Interface System Bus IPMI Messages Figure 3.2: IPMI Architecture Source:http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi

  45. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (5) Figure 3.3:Blockdiagram of a serial port based DP-server (Intel’s SE7525GP2) Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard

  46. 3. Server/workstation motherboards (6) ICH HW management PCI-X 64-bit IDE PRO/1000 server adapter PCI Expr. x8 PCI PCI Expr. x16 MCH (I7525) Registered ECC DDR Dual Processor ATX connectors Figure 3.4: Serial port based DP-server board of ATX style (Intel’s SE7525GP2) Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard

  47. 4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (1) 1 2 On card On-board By the chipset Examples: VGA controller IDE/ATA controller 1 On an ISA/PCI adapter card 2 By dedicated controller chips on the motherboard Figure 4.1: Evolution of the implementation of I/O controllers

  48. 4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (2) ATX w/riser ~2000 NLX ~1997 Formfactors of LPX announced ~1987 motherboards AT ATX 8/84 ~1996 Baby AT ~1985 microATX ~1998 BTX microBTX picoBTX ˇ~2004 80 85 90 95 00 05 79 81 82 83 84 86 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 01 02 03 04 Figure 4.2: Estimated use of form factors in announced motherboards

  49. 4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (3) Figure 4.3: Estimated use of supported processor types in announced motherboards

  50. 4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (4) Figure 4.4: Estimated use of DRAM technology and packaging style in announced motherboards

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