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Literature and Education. Literature and Language. Literature and Language Inseparable Literature is expressed trough language Teaching language ≠ teaching literature The difference is the goal Fundamentally, the teaching of literature has affective mission. Affective Mission.
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Literature and Language • Literature and Language Inseparable • Literature is expressed trough language • Teaching language ≠ teaching literature • The difference is the goal • Fundamentally, the teaching of literature has affective mission
Affective Mission • Affective: enrich students experience so that they are more sensitive to their surroundings • The goal is to embed, to grow, and to develop the sensitivity towards human’s problems, • the introduction, and the respect of the system of value: individual or social context
Literary Unity • Macro elements supporting the existence of literary work: (1) writer (2) work (3) reader • Each has its own distinctive characteristics • Writer’s uniqueness is represented in how the work is written • Reader’s uniqueness is represented in how he/she appreciate the work • Ideal condition: how both are united in a work of art
Literary Appreciation • Lit. appreciation is possible if those three elements are put into consideration. • Focus on writer fall into extra literary appreciation • Focus on the work artificial interpretation • Focus on the reader individual interpretation • Literature: autonomous & cultural reality
The Essence of Lit. Work • Language : universal (for the using society) • Lit. language is special in terms of the creation process or its existence. • Lit. language: personal and communal • It expresses universal theme through the writer’s subjective view. • The dichotomy of literature: opposing sides but dynamic tension • The moving spirit / the activator value
Literary Theme • It covers three fields: religion, social, and personal • Literary education: developing students’ sensitivity towards the values of: (1) senses (2) intellect (3) affection (4) society (5) religion or the combination of all. • It offers ‘possibility’ (compared to other knowledge, e.g. chemistry) • Reality in literature must be explored to get: “VALUES”
The Knowledge of Literature • Skills to develop: being sensitive, affective, intellectual, social, and religious. • Literature new experiences • Literature providing comparative experiences in someone’s life • The knowledge of literature on cultural life of a society • Meaning: the nature of particular society as represented in a literary work one reads. • The mission of literature affective NOT cognitive
Exercise (1) Text 1 • Ada seorang lelaki bernama Jonggi. Ia pernah bertahun-tahun menjadi korban sodomi abangnya sendiri. Yang menyedihkan, bukan hanya itu saja. Jonggi juga menjadi korban pencabulan dan pemerkosaan ibu kandungnya yang kesepian, saat ia kecil dan remaja. Ibu kandungnya yang sebenarnya juga memiliki selingkuhan di belakang suaminya hamil oleh Jonggi, tapi kemudian keguguran. Gilanya, Jonggi kemudian malah menikmati hubungan dengan ibunya sendiri. Ia menganggap itu sebagai persembahan bagi orang yang sangat dicintainya. Text 2 • Saya perempuan, tapi saya tidak lebih lemah dari laki-laki. Karena, saya tidak menghisap puting payudara ibu. Saya menghisap penis ayah. Dan saya tidak menyedot air susu ibu. Saya menyedot air mani ayah.
Exercise (2) Text 3 • Dan betapa agungnya sikap Abdullah setiap kali dia mendekati cinta Dewangga. Dia seperti mau menyerahkan diri, teguh mengiringi supaya mereka sampai berbarengan, tak seorang pun boleh dikecewakan karena tak sampai ke puncak…. Text 4 • Alas poor Romeo! He is already dead; stabbed with a white wench’s black eye; shot through the ear with a love-song; the very pin of his heart cleft with the blind bow-boy’s butt-shaft…. • (Romeo telah mati. Ditikam hitamnya mata gadis berkulit putih, dihujam telinganya oleh nyanyian cinta, setiap celah hatinya dipenuhi panah cupid….)
Lelaki itu telah mencambuk dada dan punggung perempuan itu, tetapi ia menemukan di selangkangannya sebuah liang yang harum birahi…. (Saman, 198) • Ia adalah perempuan berpayudara besar yang dapat menjepit penis laki-laki di antara payudaranya saat dia sedang mengalami menstruasi (Staccato, 111)
Dari gaya bahasa: bahasa kasar, • Interpretasi harus: • Kata-kata jorok…
