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The Empire and Christianity

The Empire and Christianity. Chapter 5. I. The Empire At Its Height. Elements unifying the empire The emperor The civil servants and city councils The army A. The Successors of Augustus 1. The Julio-Claudian Dynasty Livia Tiberius Gaius (Caligula) Nero. I. The Empire At Its Height.

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The Empire and Christianity

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  1. The Empire and Christianity Chapter 5

  2. I. The Empire At Its Height • Elements unifying the empire • The emperor • The civil servants and city councils • The army • A. The Successors of Augustus • 1. The Julio-Claudian Dynasty • Livia • Tiberius • Gaius (Caligula) • Nero

  3. I. The Empire At Its Height • A. The Successes of Augustus • 2. Imperial Administration • 3. Interventions by the Army • Praetorian Guard • “The year of the four emperors,” A.D. 69

  4. Map5.1 The Roman Empire, A.D. 14-284

  5. I. The Empire At Its Height • B. The Five Good Emperors • Flavian Dynasty • Nerva • 1. Trajan and Hadrian • Dacia • Forum of Trajan • Hadrian’s Wall • Villa

  6. I. The Empire At Its Height • B. The Five Good Emperors • 1. Trajan and Hadrian • “Decisions” (constitutiones) • “Friends” (amici) • Salvius Julianus • 2. Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius • Commodus

  7. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 1. The Economy of the Cities • 2. Cities in the Empire • 3. Agriculture • Latifundia • 4. Economies in the Provinces • 5. City Life in Italy • Villas and suburbs • Pompeii and Herculaneum

  8. Map5.2 The City of Rome in the Empire

  9. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 6. The Working Classes • 7. Social Conditions • Circus Maximus • Colosseum • 8. The Mixture in Society • Social mobility

  10. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 9. Women and the Family • Augusta Livia • 10. Roman Law • “Natural law” • 11. The Growth of the Roman Legal System • Jurists (jurisprudentes) • Constitutiones

  11. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 12. Citizens and Noncitizens in Roman Law • Ius civile • Ius gentium • Praetor urbanus • Praetor peregrinus • 13. Engineering and Architecture • Road network Aqueducts • Sewer systems Public baths

  12. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 14. Large Buildings in Concrete • 15. Literature in the Empire: Virgil • Bucolics • Georgics • Aeneid • 16. Satire: Horace, Juvenal • 17. Poetry of Love • Ovid, The Art of Love

  13. I. The Empire At Its Height • C. Roman Imperial Civilization • 18. Historians: Livy • Roman History • 19. Tacitus • Histories

  14. II. The Period of Crisis (192-284) • A. The Crisis of Leadership • Commodus • “Bread and circuses” • B. Weakness in Roman Slavery • 1. The Number of Slaves • 2. Slavery and the Economy • C. The Plight of the Poor • Colonus /colonate • 1. The Poor and the Land • Dominus

  15. III. The Late Roman Empire • A. Restoration under Diocletian • 1. The Rule of Diocletian (r. 284-305) • Maximian • Galerius • Constantius • Tetrarchy • Curia and curiales • Edict on Prices

  16. Map5.3 The Eastern and Western Empires in 395

  17. III. The Late Roman Empire • A. Restoration under Diocletian • 2. The Accession of Constantine • Byzantium/Constantinople • B. Constantine and the Bureaucracy • C. The Decline of the Western Empire • Theodosius • 1. The “Fall” of Rome? • Odovacar (Odoacer) • Romulus Augustulus

  18. III. The Late Roman Empire • C. The Decline of the Western Empire • 2. The Survival of the Eastern Empire • 3. Theories about the Fall • 4. A Crisis in Manpower • 5. The Routes of Invasion • 6. Social Conditions and Decline • 7. The Role of Christianity

  19. Map5.4 The Rhine Frontier of the Roman Empire

  20. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • A. The Mystery Religions • 1. The Mysteries of Eleusis • Demeter • 2. Mithraism • Mithras • 3. Christianity and Mysteries • 4. Characteristics of Christianity • Old Testament • Jesus of Nazareth as Messiah

  21. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • B. The Jews in the Roman Empire • 1. The Jews and Other Powers • Antiochus IV • Judas Maccabaeus • Maccabean Revolt • Hanukkah • Judea • Pompey

  22. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • B. The Jews in the Roman Empire • 2. Roman Control over the Jews • Herod the Great • Great Jewish War • Titus • 3. Jewish Factions • Sadducees • Pentateuch/Torah

  23. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • B. The Jews in the Roman Empire • 3. Jewish Factions • Pharisees • Mishnah • 4. Essenes • Dead Sea Scrolls • Qumran • Apocalypse

  24. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • B. The Jews in the Roman Empire • 5. Doctrines of the Essenes • “Teacher of Righteousness” • Wicked Priest • Messiah of David • Messiah of Aaron

  25. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • C. Origins of Christianity • 1. The Person of Jesus • Jesus of Nazareth • Saul of Tarsus • Gospels • 2. Jesus as Teacher • Mary and Joseph • John the Baptist • Sermon on the Mount

  26. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • C. Origins of Christianity • 3. Doctrines of Jesus • Last Supper • Eucharist • Redemption • 4. Jesus’ Death • Pontius Pilate

  27. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • C. Origins of Christianity • 5. Paul and His Mission • Acts of the Apostles • 6. Paul and the Conversion of the Gentiles • 7. Paul and Christian Communities • 8. Persecutions • Nero • Contumacia • Diocletian’s Great Persecution

  28. Map 5.6 The Journeys of St. Paul

  29. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • C. Origins of Christianity • 9. Female Martyrs • 10. St. Agnes and St. Cecilia • 11. An Emperor Becomes the Church’s Patron • Constantine • Milvian Bridge • Chi Rho • Edict of Milan

  30. Map5.5 The Spread of Christianity

  31. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • C. Origins of Christianity • 12. The Victory of Christianity • Julian the Apostate • Theodosius the Great • 13. Christianity and Roman Law

  32. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • D. Battles within Christianity • 1. The Heresies of Marcion and Montanus • 2. Christian Responses to Heresy • 3. The Government of the Church • James • Deacon • Elder • Bishop • “Papa” Pope (Bishop of Rome)

  33. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • D. Battles within Christianity • 4. Women in the Church • Mary, mother of Jesus • Mary Magdalene • 5. Widows and Virgins in the Church • 6. Powerful Christian Women • St. Helena • St. Monica

  34. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • D. Battles within Christianity • 7. Donatists • Traditores • Ex opere operato • 8. Arius and Arianism • “Nicene Creed” • 9. The Church and Classical Culture

  35. IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals • E. The Fathers of the Church • 1. Origen and Eusebius • 2. The Latin Fathers: Ambrose and Jerome • 3. Augustine • 4. The Working of Grace • Augustine’s Confessions • 5. Augustine on Salvation • The City of God

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