Unit 4

1. Unit 4 Canada’s Global Connections

2. Play the Canadian or American Inventions game.

3. Famously and Firstly Canadian • Canadian John McIntosh discovered McIntosh apples in 1811 growing along the St. Lawrence River Valley • The first recorded baseball game was played in Beachville, Ontario in 1838 • Montreal Professor Thomas Sterry Hunt developed special green ink to produce American bills ‘greenbacks’ that couldn’t be forged in 1862 • The world’s second most popular sport ‘basketball’ was the idea of Canadian James Naismith in 1892

4. Famously and Firstly Canadian • Tom Ryan became the father of five-pin bowling, by developing the game in Toronto in 1909 • Torontonian William Knapp developed the yucky-tasting Buckley’s Mixture in 1919 • In 1948 Harry Galley received his patented for his stainless steel kitchen sink • Montreal Canadian goalie Jacques Plante became the first goalie to start wearing a mask • Instant mashed potatoes were patented by Edward Asselbergs in 1961

5. Famously and Firstly Canadian • Muskol the world’s most effective bug repellent is the creation of Charlie Coll (1970) • Leslie McFarlane penned the famous Hardy Boys series as Franklin W. Dixon • Torontonian Alex Tilley created the nearly indestructible ‘Tilley Hat’ in 1980 • Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the emergency ‘911’ system • Canadian Deanna Brasseaur & Jane Foster became the world’s first female jet fighter pilots in 1989

6. Famously and Firstly Canadian • Tim Collins of B.C. developed the Viewer Chip for parents to block offensive television programs • In 1998, the ‘Sam Bat’ a maple baseball bat made by Ottawa carpenter Sam Holman was approved for use in professional baseball leagues • In 1999 Ontario became the first place in the world to protect the skyscape from light pollution by designating a dark-sky park south of Lake Muskoka • Canadians have developed – Trivial Pursuit, Balderdash, Mind Trap, Pictionary and A Question of Scruples

7. Famously and Firstly Canadian • Canada is home to the world’s… • Oldest chain store business is Canada’s Hudson Bay Company founded in 1670 • Longest highway, the Trans Canada highway - 7,821 km • Longest street, Yonge Street - 1,900 km • Longest bridge – Confederation Bridge linking P.E.I. to N.B. – 12.9 km • Longest skating rink – 7.8 km Rideau Canal in Ottawa • Longest recreational trail – Trans Canada Trail will be over 16,000 km long

8. Greatest Canadian Invention • Of all these great Canadian ideas, which ones are the “greatest”? • CBC asked Canadians to vote for the Greatest Canadian Invention and showed us the results in early 2007. • www.cbc.ca/inventions

9. Rank these from 1 -10 of Greatest Invention • 5 pin bowling • Poutine • Zipper • Insulin • Telephone • Electric Wheelchair • Pacemaker • Wonder Bra • Blackberry • Robertson Screw • Light bulb

10. Greatest Canadian Invention #10 • Poutine

11. Greatest Canadian Invention #9 • Electric Wheelchair

12. Greatest Canadian Invention #8 • Zipper

13. Greatest Canadian Invention #7 • Robertson Screw

14. Greatest Canadian Invention #6 • Pacemaker

15. Greatest Canadian Invention #5 • Wonderbra

16. Greatest Canadian Invention #4 • Five Pin Bowling

17. Greatest Canadian Invention #3 • Light bulb

18. Greatest Canadian Invention #2 • Telephone

19. Greatest Canadian Invention #1 • Insulin

20. The World community Chapter 30

21. What Do You Know of the World?

22. Population Where we came from. – chapter 15

23. Who is here? Immigrate • 610 people COME to Canada on a daily basis. Emigrate • 135 people LEAVE Canada on a daily basis.

24. Changing Populations • Demography is the study of population. • About 1070 babies are born every day. • These births are not as important, because they may not correlate with the population of the country. • We must take into account 2 factors: • Birth Rate: The amount of people born • Death Rate: The amount of people who die • The Rate of Natural Increase (r) • Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r).

25. Different Ages – Different Roles • At each stage in our lives, we play different roles. • Children (0-15 years old) • Working Adults (16 to 64 years old) • Older adults (65 years old and over) • In Cornwall, we will have a stronger population of older adults, as the baby boom population gets older.

26. Population Pyramids • A series of horizontal bar graphs for the male population, places back to back with similar bar graphs for females. • Statistical information can always be found at Statistics Canada.

27. When in Rome... • You need the following when making a population pyramid: • 2 colours • Male and female labels • A title – Location and year • Age (increments of 5) in the middle • Population (in millions) on the bottom

28. Comparisons • When putting two population pyramids side by side, you are able to compare population trends.

29. Thanks to the war... Baby Boom • The term "baby boom" most often refers to the dramatic post-World War II baby boom (1946-1964). • There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births. • These baby boomers are now getting older, which makes healthcare such an important industry. Echo Effect • Children who were born between 1980 and 1999. • These are the children of the Baby Boomers.

30. Homework • Create 2 population pyramids. • Pyramid 1 – Cornwall • Pyramid 2 – Ontario • DUE: Tomorrow

31. Immigration

32. Canada’s International Relationship Chapter 31

33. Canada’s Foreign Trade Chapter 32

34. Trade Terminology • Trade – the exchange of goods or services between countries. • Imports – goods or services brought into a country from another country. • Exports – goods or services sent out from a country to another country. • Balance of trade – the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports

35. Trade Terminology • Trade surplus – when a country’s exports exceed its imports. • Trade deficit – when a country’s imports exceed its exports. • Tarriff – tax charged on goods imported to Canada in order to protect Canadian industries.

36. Canada’s Trading Partners $208 billion $348 billion $24 $9 $13 $8 $13 $7 $10 $3

37. Canada's Import Markets, 2004

38. Canada's Export Markets, 2004

39. Sweat Shops • What are they? • A working environment with unhealthy conditions that are considered by many people of industrialized nations to be difficult or dangerous, usually where the workers have few opportunities to address their situation. This can include exposure to harmful materials, hazardous situations, extreme temperatures, or abuse from employers. • Sweatshop workers often work long hours for little pay, regardless of any laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage. Child labour laws may also be violated.

40. Blood, Sweat and T-Shirts • This BBC Three series from May 2008 saw six young fashion addicts swap shopping on the high street with working in India‘s cotton fields and clothes factories. Find out whether they could handle a sewing machine and meet the target of two garments a minute. And whether their experience changed their throwaway attitude to clothes shopping. • 100 rupees = $2.25 Canadian • http://www.bbc.co.uk/thread/blood-sweat-tshirts/

41. Sweat Shops • Top 10 Worst Sweatshop Abusing Companies: 1) Primark – Cheap clothes from cheap labour…2) Topshop – They’ve done it before they’ll do it again…3) Asda/Walmart - Slave drivers of China & Bangladesh…4) Tesco – Every little help, except in sweatshops…5) Nike – Nasty old Nike, always exploiting their workers…6) Adidas – Sweatshop made, Olympics specials…7) Disney – Magic for some, sadness for others…8) Burberry – Off to China for cheap workforce & fat profits…9) Starbucks – Crap coffee, crap employers…10) Planet Earth Inc – Sweatshop labour across the globe…Other companies who use sweat shops: Abercrombie and Fitch, Gymboree, Hanes, Ikea, Kohl’s, LL Bean, Pier 1 Imports, American Eagle, Dickies, Guess, Speedo, Tommy Hilfiger, Toys “R” Us.

42. International Trade Organizations

43. Fair Trade • Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from Sri Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from Mexico, and chocolate from Ghana… • Many of the things we buy are grown or made in developing countries. • But do the people who produce these goods get a fair price for them, and what are their working conditions like?

44. Fair Trade • For most workers, wages are low, there is no job security, and working conditions are often unhealthy and unsafe. • Fair trade is an international system of doing business based on dialogue, transparency, and respect.

45. Fair Trade • What is your role? • Churches, communities, school, unions, businesses and consumer groups are pushing to move Fair Trade products into mainstream grocery stores • The demand must increase, so more workers will benefit • Demand products will superior quality • Become a player in the solution to global trade inequalities

46. Child Labour • What is Child Labour? • Children under the age of 12 that are working • Worst forms of child labour • enslaved, forcibly recruited, prostituted, trafficked, forced into illegal activities and exposed to hazardous work. • Can children work? • Yes, as long as it does not negatively affect their health and development or interfere with education

47. Convention on the Rights of Child • Most universal international agreement • Ensures children's rights • Has been ratified by 190 countries • Only two countries have not ratified: the United States & Somalia, however they have signaled their intention to ratify by signing the convention. • http://www.unicef.org/photoessays/30048.html

48. Convention on the Rights of Child • The Convention on the Rights of the Child…. • Reinforces fundamental human dignity. • Highlights and defends the family's role in children's lives • Seeks respect for children – but not at the expense of the human rights or responsibilities of others. • Endorses the principle of non-discrimination • Establishes clear obligations

49. The Rights of A Child • Principle 1 The child shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. Every child, without any exception whatsoever, shall be entitled to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on account of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, whether of himself or of his family. • Principle 2 The child shall enjoy special protection, and shall be given opportunities and facilities, by law and by other means, to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In the enactment of laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration. • Principle 3 The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and a nationality. • Principle 4 The child shall enjoy the benefits of social security. He shall be entitled to grow and develop in health; to this end, special care and protection shall be provided both to him and to his mother, including adequate pre-natal and post-natal care. The child shall have the right to adequate nutrition, housing, recreation and medical services. • Principle 5 The child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped shall be given the special treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.

50. The Rights of a Child • Principle 6 The child, for the full and harmonious development of his personality, needs love and understanding. He shall, wherever possible, grow up in the care and under the responsibility of his parents, and, in any case, in an atmosphere of affection and of moral and material security; a child of tender years shall not, save in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and the public authorities shall have the duty to extend particular care to children without a family and to those without adequate means of support. Payment of State and other assistance towards the maintenance of children of large families is desirable. • Principle 7 The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. He shall be given an education which will promote his general culture and enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop his abilities, his individual judgement, and his sense of moral and social responsibility, and to become a useful member of society. The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle of those responsible for his education and guidance; that responsibility lies in the first place with his parents. The child shall have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be directed to the same purposes as education; society and the public authorities shall endeavour to promote the enjoyment of this right. • Principle 8 The child shall in all circumstances be among the first to receive protection and relief. • Principle 9 The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation. He shall not be the subject of traffic, in any form. The child shall not be admitted to employment before an appropriate minimum age; he shall in no case be caused or permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which would prejudice his health or education, or interfere with his physical, mental or moral development. • Principle 10 The child shall be protected from practices which may foster racial, religious and any other form of discrimination. He shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to the service of his fellow men.