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Biotech Time Line

Biotech Time Line. A selection of highlights. Biotech Time Line. Humans domesticate crops and livestock 4000 BC. Biotech Time Line. 1660s Antoine van Leewenhoek discovers the microscope. Allows us to see the microscopic world, including bacteria. Biotech Time Line. 1797

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Biotech Time Line

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  1. Biotech Time Line A selection of highlights

  2. Biotech Time Line • Humans domesticate crops and livestock • 4000 BC

  3. Biotech Time Line • 1660s • Antoine van Leewenhoek discovers the microscope. • Allows us to see the microscopic world, including bacteria.

  4. Biotech Time Line • 1797 • Edward Jenner innoculates a child with viral vaccine against small pox.

  5. Biotech Time Line • 1857 • Louis Pasteur proposes microbes cause fermentation.

  6. Biotech Time Line • 1865 • An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel begins his study of genetics while cross-breeding pea plants • Father of Genetics

  7. Biotech Time Line • 1869 • Johann Friedrich Miescher isolated and analyzed DNA as a macromolecule for the first time.

  8. Biotech Time Line • 1917 • Karl Erecky first uses the term biotechnology in a book he publishes in Germany where he discusses converting raw materials into more use products.

  9. Biotech Time Line • 1943 • Penicillin is mass-produced by Andrew Moyer just in time to help thousands of injured soldiers • Sir Alexander Fleming is credited with its discovery in 1928.

  10. Biotech Time Line • 1944 • Oswald Avery, along with MacLeod and McCarty, proves that genes and chromosomes are made of DNA

  11. Biotech Time Line • 1953 • Watson and Crick publish the structure of DNA in the journal Nature. • They received the Nobel Prize in Medicine along with Wilkins and Franklin

  12. Biotech Time Line • 1966 • Marshall Nirenburg, along with Khorana and Holley, demonstrated the sequences of three bases (codons) on DNA determine each of the 20 amino acids • Nobel prize

  13. Biotech Time Line • 1970 • Restriction enzymes that cut genetic material and paste them together was discovered.

  14. Biotech Time Line • 1973 • Cohen and Boyer create the first recombinant DNA technology that allows scientists to splice DNA from one organism into another

  15. Biotech Time Line • 1975 • Kohler and Milstein produce monoclonal antibodies by fusing the specific antibody-producing plasma cells with a tumor cell • Made way for a very effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool

  16. Biotech Time Line • 1978 • California company, Genetech, is first company to produce a recombinant drug (insulin)

  17. Biotech Time Line • 1980 • Diamond vs Chakrabarty Supreme Court Case ruled that genetically altered life can be patented by the one who altered it.

  18. Biotech Time Line • 1983 • Kary Mullis creates the Polymerase Chain Reaction as a tool for amplifying, or copying, DNA in vitro.

  19. Biotech Time Line • 1984 • Sir Alec Jeffreys develops the tool of DNA typing, also known as DNA fingerprinting • Major tool used in forensics

  20. Biotech Time Line • 1986 • First recombinant vaccine for humans was produced for hepatitis

  21. Biotech Time Line • 1997 • Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly

  22. Biotech Time Line • 1998 • First human embryonic stem cell lines were produced

  23. Biotech Time Line • 2003 • Human Genome Project was completed. • Started in 1990 with the task of sequencing every gene in the human cell. • Found the sequence of over 24,000 genes.

  24. Biotech Time Line • 2007 • Dr. Anthony Atala of WFIRM announces the discovery of stem cells found in amniotic fluid

  25. Biotech Time Line • 2008 • Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine is formed to research regenerative medicine technology that can be used to treat injured soldiers

  26. Biotech Time Line • 2010 • First synthetic cell is created by the labs of Craig Ventor, a major player in the Human Genome Project

  27. Biotech Time Line • 2011 • A Federal Court of Appeals upheld the rights of science companies to hold patents on genes that they have sequenced

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