Greek Vocabulary 4

1. Greek Vocabulary 4 Roots, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, sentences, and related words

2. ambiguous • ambi, amphi – • both; on both sides; around • ambiguous – • adj. having more than one possible meaning; unclear • n. ambiguity, ambiguousness pl. n. ambiguities adv. ambiguously • Synonyms: obscure, cryptic, Delphic, double-edged, elliptical (or elliptic), enigmatic, equivocal, inscrutable, murky, mysterious, mystic, nebulous, opaque • Antonyms: accessible, clear, nonambiguous, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal

3. ambiguous • When asked how he performed the trick, the magician’s ambiguous answer only confused the audience. • After returning home from her evening out with friends, Carly answered her parents’ questions ambiguously in order to avoid lying and conceal her true actions.

4. ambiguous Related words: • ambiance • ambidextrous • ambivalent • amphibious • amphitheater • amphora • a jar with a handle on each side and a narrow neck, used by ancient Greeks to carry oil or wine

5. antipathy • anti – • against; instead of, opposite • antipathy – • n. a strong feeling of dislike; repugnance • pl. n. antipathies adj. antipathetic adv. antipathetically • Synonyms: animosity, animus, antagonism, enmity, bad blood, bitterness, gall, grudge, hostility, jaundice, rancor • Antonym: amity • Near Antonyms: amiability, amicability, civility, cordiality, friendliness, hospitality, neighborliness; comity, empathy, friendship, goodwill, sympathy, understanding

6. antipathy • Although we were only rivals for cheerleading captain, I had great antipathy for Shannon. • Joseph’s antipathetic feelings toward Stephen stemmed from Stephen easily obtaining the position Joseph had worked for years to earn.

7. antipathy Related words: • antiaircraft • antibiosis • antibiotic • anticlimactic • anticlimax • anticoagulant • antidote • antigen • antigravity • antihero • antihistamine • antimatter • antimicrobial • antonym • antioxidant • antiperspirant • antipsychotic

8. philanthropic • anthrop – • man; human • philanthropic – • adj. 1. having goodwill to fellow members of the human race; especially : active effort to promote human welfare 2. giving for humanitarian purposes • n. philanthropy pl. n. philanthropies n. philanthropist pl. n. philanthropists adv. philanthropically • Synonyms: altruistic, beneficent, benevolent, do-good, good, humanitarian, charitable • Antonyms: self-centered, self-concerned, selfish

9. philanthropic • Philanthropists give money to humanitarian causes and generously support advances in education, medicine, and the arts. • The top three most philanthropic states are… • 3. Alabama  • 2. Mississippi • 1. Utah

10. philanthropic Related words: • anthropocentric • anthropoid • anthropology • anthropomorphism • lycanthrope • misanthrope • misanthropy

11. anarchy • arch, archi, arche/o, archae/o – • rule; chief; first; ancient • anarchy – • n. 1. the absence of any form of government 2. a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority • pl. n. anarchies adj. anarchic • Synonyms: lawlessness, misrule • Near Antonyms: lawfulness, legality, legitimacy, rule; calmness, harmony, order, orderliness, peace, peacefulness, quiet, tranquility

12. anarchy • Unfortunately, the peace march rapidly degenerated into anarchy, with people running in every direction and violence erupting on the street corners. • Some anarchists have a utopian view of an anarchic society in which all people function well with no government control, but I prefer the order of a lawful society.

13. anarchy Related words: • archeology • archangel • archenemy • archetype • architect • hierarchy • matriarch • monarch • patriarch

14. catastrophe • cata – • down; completely; thoroughly; against; intensive; according to • catastrophe – • n. 1. a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin 2. a violent usually destructive natural event (strophe = turning) • pl. n. catastrophes adj. catastrophic adv. catastrophically • Synonyms: apocalypse, calamity, cataclysm, disaster, debacle, tragedy • Antonyms: blockbuster, hit, smash, success, winner

15. catastrophe • The tornadoes on April 27th were catastrophic to the Tuscaloosa area and many areas throughout the state. • My grades were improving in dance class, but the clumsy fall during our dance recital felt like a catastrophe.

16. catastrophe • cataclysm • catalogue • catalyst • catapult • cataract • category • cathedral • catheter

17. chronology • chrono – • time • chronology – • 1: the science that deals with measuring time by regular divisions and that assigns to events their proper dates 2: a chronological table, list, or account 3: an arrangement (as of events) in order of occurrence • pl. n. chronologies adj. chronological adv. chronologically • Synonyms: chronicle, account, commentary (usually commentaries), history, narration, narrative, record, report, story

18. chronology • Putting the key events in chronological order is a great way to review what happens in a novel. • When writing, using the chronology of events can help focus a paper and make it more understandable to the reader.

19. chronology Related words: • anachronism • asynchronous • chronic • chronicle • chronology • geochronology • synchronize

20. anesthesiology • esthes, esthet, aesthes, aesthet – • feeling; sensation • anesthesiology – • n. the study and use of drugs or hypnosis to remove or diminish the sensation of pain • n. anesthesiologist pl. n. anesthesiologists n. anesthetic n. anesthesia • chiefly British: an·aes·the·si·ol·o·gy

21. anesthesiology • Studying anesthesiology is a good move that should provide job security and a strong financial base. • Before a patient undergoes surgery, the anesthesiologist always come by to speak with the patient and introduce himself or herself.

22. anesthesiology Related words: • esthetic • esthetician • anesthesia • kinesthesia

23. misanthrope • mis – • to hate • misanthrope – • one who hates or distrusts mankind • n. misanthropist pl. n. misanthropists adj. misanthropic adv. misanthropically • Synonyms: cynic, naysayer, pessimist • Antonyms: optimist, Pollyanna, positivist; idealist, sentimentalist

24. misanthrope • Mr. Burns and Oscar the Grouch are well-known misanthropes because they hate people in general. • Watching some TV shows makes me feel misanthropic because they usually have people illustrating the lowest common denominator of human interaction, but I prefer to focus on the positives in life.

25. misanthrope Related words: • misandry • misogamist • misogynist • misogyny

26. humanoid • -oid – • like; resembling • humanoid – • adj. like or resembling a human or n. something that resembles a human • Near Synonyms: android (but android is more likely to be used with something robotic)

27. humanoid • Many science fiction films include aliens of humanoid appearance because we seem to believe most aliens would look somewhat like us. • Although robotics have come a long way, and many have become more humanoid than ever before, we do not yet have any that can fool us into thinking they are human.

28. humanoid Related words: • android • anthropoid • asteroid • cycloid • dendroid – like a tree • dentoid – like a tooth • hydroid • lithoid

29. sympathy • path, pathy – • disease; feeling • sympathy – • n. sharing or understanding another person’s sorrow or trouble • pl. n. sympathies adj. sympathetic adv. sympathetically • Synonyms: commiseration, compassion, feeling • Antonyms: callousness, cold-heartedness, hard-heartedness, heartlessness

30. sympathy • Cara had our sympathy when she did not make the soccer team in her last year of high school. • Sympathy indicates a recognition of someone else’s pain or suffering, but with empathy one feels the same feeling or can relate because of previous experiences.

31. sympathy Related words: • apathy • empathy • homeopathic • myopathy • pathetic • pathogen • pathological • psychopath

32. phonograph • phon – • sound; voice • phonograph – • n. a device for reproducing sound that is written on a disk called a record • adj. phonographic adv. phonographically • Synonym: record player

33. phonograph • In the 1980s, my brother and I used to play our Grease album on our Fisher-Price phonograph or record player. • While experimenting with the telephone and the telegraph, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, allowing sound to be recorded and played back.

34. phonograph Related words: • cacophony • euphonious • homophone • megaphone • microphone • phonics • polyphony • symphony • telephone

35. telescope • scope – • to view; examine; observe • tele – • distant, end, complete • telescope– • n. an optical instrument for viewing celestial bodies and other objects at great distances • v. to slide or pass one within another like the cylindrical sections of a collapsible hand telescope • adj. telescopic adv. telescopically

36. telescope • Telescopes can be used to see the stars, other celestial bodies, or something as mundane as our neighbor’s television. • The telescoping design of a telescope has also been used to create a telescoping cup that is almost flat when in the closed position.

37. telescope Related words: • telegram • telepathy • telemetry • kaleidoscope • periscope • stethoscope

38. Root Review • ambi, amphi – • both; on both sides; around • anti – • against; instead of, opposite • anthrop – • man; human • arch, archi, arche/o, archae/o – • rule; chief; first; ancient

39. Root Review • cata – • down; completely; thoroughly; against; intensive; according to • chrono – • time • esthes, esthet, aesthes, aesthet – • feeling; sensation • -oid – • like; resembling

40. Root Review • mis – Greek • to hate • FYI: miss – Old Norse • to send • mis, mit – Latin • bad, wrong • path, pathy – • disease; feeling

41. Root Review • phon – • sound; voice • tele – • distant; end; complete • scope – • to view; examine; observe

42. Root Review • a, an – • not; without • auto – • self; same • –ics – • science; study of; skill; knowledge • dia – • through; apart; across

43. Root Review • gam/o, -gamy, gameto – • marriage, united, sexual union • dem/o, demi – • people • soph, sophy – • wise; wisdom • geo – • earth • hect, hector – • hundred • bi, bin – • two; twice (Latin) • tetra – • four • octa, oct, octo – • eight

44. Root Review • syn, sym, syl, sys – • together; same • biblio – • book • mono, mon – • one; single; alone • –cracy, crat – • government; rule; power • the, theo – • God • nom/, nomy – • law; rule; management • dys – • bad; difficult; abnormal; impaired • pan, panto – • all, every

45. Root Review • poly – • many • hex, hexa – • six • di, diplo – • two, double • penta, pent – • five • hemi – • half • hepta, hept – • seven • kilo – • thousand • prot, proto – • first; primitive, chief

46. Root Review • meter, metr, -metry – • measure • graph, -graphy – • writing • hydro – • water • phil/o – • love of • cycl/o – • circle; wheel • –ology, -logy – • study of • –phobia – • fear of • bio – • life; living things