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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. Please pick up Focus #28 directions and maps. Take the first 20 minutes of class to work with your partner(s) to complete the directions. Colored pencils are on the counter and table – you’ll need at least two.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II • Please pick up Focus #28 directions and maps. Take the first 20 minutes of class to work with your partner(s) to complete the directions. Colored pencils are on the counter and table – you’ll need at least two. • Take out Class Notes #27 – we will finish the notes today before starting poster presentations for “Fighting Overseas”. • TURN IN YOUR CAPSTONE TOPIC PROPOSAL!!! We will: *map Axis expansion in Europe and the Pacific and major battles/campaigns of World War II *explain why America moved from isolationism to intervention from 1937 to 1941 *analyze how America helped to win World War II

  2. Germany & Italy Dominate Europe

  3. Japan Dominates East Asia & the Pacific

  4. Unit Schedule & Materials • Monday, April 21: continue WW II (Home Front posters due) • Wednesday, April 23: complete WW II, unit review • Friday, April 25: Unit Test and Binder Check (all materials due) Unit Materials (no homework): Focus #26: Roaring Twenties (also a stand-alone grade) Focus #27: Great Depression Graphs Focus #28: WW II Maps Class Notes #24: Roaring Twenties Class Notes #25: Great Depression Class Notes #26: New Deal Chart Class Notes #27: Threat of Totalitarianism Class Notes #28: World War II Chart 50% recovery credit available for late New Deal program summaries and WW II posters by April 25 Quiz #7 retake on April 25 (after the test) for eligible students - you must have completed Focus 26-27 and Class Notes 24-26

  5. American Isolationism • Americans remained predominantly isolationist in the face of growing external threats • The Nye Committee (1935) blamed America’s entry into World War I on U.S. industry’s greed for war profits • Congress passed the Neutrality Acts(1935-39) to restrict any assistance to belligerents (even to nations that were victims of aggression) • The America First Committee organized a grass-roots movement to pressure Congress and the President to keep America out of war no matter what – Charles Lindbergh emerged as its primary spokesman – he personally admired Hitler and the Nazi government and spoke openly against the “Jewish influence” in Western civilization

  6. Preparing the Nation for War • 1937 – FDR’s called for a “quarantine” of aggressor nations in the wake of Japan’s invasion of China • 1939 – Congress amended the Neutrality Acts to allow for “cash and carry” aid for Britain and France after World War II started in Europe • 1940 – Congress passed legislation authorizing the first peace-time draft in American history, as FDR called on America to become the great “arsenal of democracy”; the U.S. offered Britain “destroyers for bases”; FDR was also re-elected for a precedent-shattering third term • 1941 – Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act at FDR’s urging, authorizing military assistance to Britain and (as of June 1941) the USSR; FDR and British PM Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter committing the U.S. and UK to shared war aims based on democratic principles

  7. WW II in Political Cartoons Take five minutes with your partner(s) to analyze the political cartoon provided to you. Identify: *at least three specific details and their meaning *the message of the cartoon Be prepared to explain your cartoon to the class Note the cartoonist – he started his career in editorial cartooning before becoming a noted children’s author in the 1950s and 1960s

  8. Pearl Harbor Japan’s navy attacked the U.S. fleet on December 7, 1941 in an effort to quickly knock the U.S. out of the war before it even entered the conflict Much of the U.S. fleet was sunk or damaged in this surprise attack Why did Japan take this risk?

  9. Before we leave: • Remember to bring completed WW II posters by the start of class on Monday, April 21 • Turn in your Capstone topic proposal if you have not already done so. • Have an excellent spring break!!!

  10. World War II: Fighting Overseas • Please pick up a copy of the binder check rubric and unit test preview – we will look at those together before resuming World War II • Take out Class Notes #28, Focus #28 maps, and your WW II poster (unless you already presented) We will: *preview the unit test & binder check *analyze how Americans helped to win WW II both overseas and on the home front

  11. Allied War Strategy On December 8, 1941, FDR asked Congress to declare war; Germany and Italy then declared war on the U.S. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited FDR within days to hammer out U.S.-UK strategy – why “Germany first”? The United Nations alliance was officially created on January 1, 1942 – only the second time the U.S. allied with other nations

  12. Battle of Midway In the months following Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces rapidly conquered Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, where thousands of U.S. soldiers were taken prisoner Japan sought to build on its success by taking the air base at Midway Island, which would allow it to bomb Hawaii U.S. Navy intelligence discovered the plan and U.S. aircraft carriers struck at the Japanese fleet on June 3-4, 1942 Midway was the “turning point” in the Pacific, allowing the U.S. to go on the offensive against Japan

  13. Operation Torch U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower led the first major Allied assault on Axis territory in November 1942 – by May 1943, Axis troops surrendered in Tunisia and North Africa was under Allied control This campaign paved the way for an Allied invasion of Italy later in 1943

  14. Tuskegee Airmen & Other Segregated Unitshttp://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=121606 Although military units were still segregated during the war, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans distinguished themselves in combat Tuskegee Airmen (top right) flew air combat missions in Europe Nisei (Japanese American regiments) fought in Europe and served as interpreters in the Pacific theater Impact: Their brave example led to desegregation of the military in 1947

  15. D-Day/Normandy By spring 1944, the Germans were on the defensive – the Soviet Red Army was pushing back on the Eastern Front after its victory at Stalingrad (winter 1942-43) and the British and Americans were pushing up the Italian “boot” General Eisenhower (Supreme Allied Commander in Europe) designed and led Operation Overlord to open a third front in Europe by invading France D-Day (June 6, 1944) was the largest amphibious invasion in history and successfully established an Allied foothold in France

  16. D-Day Invasion – June 6, 1944http://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?frompage=play&keyindex=117506&location=005849&chapterskeyindex=376378&sceneclipskeyindex=-1

  17. Island-Hopping in the Pacific Starting with the Battle of Guadalcanal in 1942-43, the U.S. began an island hopping campaign to gradually push the Japanese back and reclaim lost territory By fall 1944, General Douglas MacArthur led U.S. forces back to the Philippines and the U.S. Navy won a decisive victory over Japan at Leyte Gulf

  18. Battles of Iwo Jima & Okinawa By early 1945, the U.S. began to prepare for an invasion of the Japanese home islands The first step was to seize control of Iwo Jima and Okinawa as key air bases Japanese resistance was fierce; more than 13,000 Americans died taking the two islands Far left: U.S. Marines raise the flag on Mt. Suribachi (Feb. 1945) Left: Mt. Suribachi today; it took nearly a month to capture the island of Iwo Jima

  19. Hiroshima & Nagasaki In July 1945, President Harry Truman ordered the dropping of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki – was he right to do so? The Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on August 6, followed on August 9 with the dropping of “Fat Man” on Nagasaki – over 200,000 Japanese died in the attacks By August 15, the Japanese government agreed to unconditional surrender and formally did so on September 2 aboard the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay

  20. Before we leave.. • Complete all unit materials for the binder check and unit test on Friday, April 25. • Make sure to prepare for the unit test by reviewing the terms provided and developing your essay outline.

  21. World War II: The Home Front • Please take out Class Notes #28, Focus #28 maps, binder check guide, and the unit test preview We will: *analyze how Americans helped to win WW II both overseas and on the home front *review for the unit test Unit Test & Binder Check on Friday! Turn in Capstone topics by Friday!

  22. The Nuremberg Trials The Allies placed high-level Nazi leaders on trial for “war crimes,” the first time this had ever happened in history 12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to death and executed By the time Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, the Allies had already uncovered evidence of the Holocaust – the systematic murder of over 11 million people (including 6 million Jews) at the hands of the Nazis

  23. Women in the Military WACS, WASPS, and WAVES filled critical non-combat roles during the war and freed up men for combat duty Over 350,000 women served in the military during the war About 5 million men volunteered for service; another 10 million men were drafted under the Selective Service Act of 1940

  24. A. Philip Randolph & the Double-V Campaign Labor leader A. Philip Randolph fought for equal pay for African American workers in war industries He led the “Double-V” campaign that pledged a march on Washington in 1941; FDR signed an executive order to guarantee equal pay in war industries Many African Americans equated the fight against the Axis to the fight against racism and discrimination at home

  25. The Manhattan Project In 1939, Albert Einstein wrote to FDR warning that Germany was working on a super-weapon The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) started the Manhattan Project in 1942 at super-secret sites across the country; the first bomb was successfully tested in New Mexico in July 1945

  26. Office of Price Administration (OPA) & Rationing To prevent inflation, the OPA froze prices on most goods and set up a rationing system for high-demand goods such as gasoline, meat, sugar, and coffee The OPA kept inflation below 30% during the war and most Americans were willing to tighten their belts as part of the war effort

  27. War Production Board (WPB) The WPB guided conversion of industry to war production, allocated raw materials, and regulated the workplace to improve productivity The WPB also organized nationwide drives to conserve key resources such as scrap iron, tin cans, paper, and cooking fat

  28. Industrial Production & Workers By 1944, 18 million Americans worked in war industries (6 million were women); wages rose 10% Unemployment fell to about 1% as many Americans moved South and West to work in war industries

  29. Japanese-American Internmenthttp://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?frompage=play&keyindex=104246&location=005849&chapterskeyindex=307246&sceneclipskeyindex=-1 In February 1942, FDR issued Executive Order 9066, which ordered the evacuation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, citing national security needs Over 110,000 citizens and residents were rounded up and sent to “relocation centers” In 1944, the Supreme Court decided in Korematsu v. United States that the government’s policy was justified on the basis of “military necessity” Reparations payments were authorized in 1990 ($20,000 for every person sent to a camp)

  30. GI Bill of Rights In 1944, Congress passed the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, better known as the GI Bill of Rights Nearly 8 million veterans went back to school or training on the GI Bill, which paid for their education The act also provided federal loan guarantees for buying homes and farms and starting new businesses

  31. Before we leave… • Remember to review for the unit test and prepare your binder materials to turn in on Friday • The quiz #7 retake will be offered after the test on Friday • Prepare your essay outline for use on the unit test

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