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Land Use and Energy

Land Use and Energy. David Kay Sr. Extension Associate CaRDI /Development Sociology dlk2@cornell.edu Enhancing Your Energy Programming: Meeting Community Needs November 15 - 16, 2010 Clarion Hotel, Ithaca, NY. Land and Energy: Directions of Influence.

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Land Use and Energy

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  1. Land Use and Energy David Kay Sr. Extension Associate CaRDI/Development Sociology dlk2@cornell.edu Enhancing Your Energy Programming: Meeting Community Needs November 15 - 16, 2010Clarion Hotel, Ithaca, NY

  2. Land and Energy:Directions of Influence Existing land use patterns (sprawl) >>>>>> energy demand/consumption patterns Energy demand >>>>>land use change Existing land uses and characteristics >>>>> availability of land for energy production

  3. Energy Demand >>>>Direct v. Indirect Influences on Land Use Most attention goes to physical effects of development (well pads, wind turbine footprint, forest access roads, pipeline construction, transmission lines, etc) Less obvious, what are changes are introduced for land use management and ownership patterns?

  4. What Drives Land Use Change? Economic Factors – eg. Changing $ returns to different uses Institutional Factors – eg. Regulations, parks, road subsidies Cultural Factors – eg. Local histories, food/housing/landscape preferences Environmental Factors – eg. Climate change, forest regeneration, water pollution

  5. WhatDrives Land Use Change?

  6. Elena Irwin’s Top Ten Drivers of Land Use Change • Global • Economic restructuring • Declining transportation and communications costs • Region/Metropolitan • Declining transportation and communications costs • Agglomeration economies among firms; firms & households • Amenities (urban, natural) • Public services (schools, police, health care, parks) • Public policies (land use controls, homeowner subsidy) • Neighborhood/Parcel • Public infrastructure (roads, sewer, water) • Land use controls (sometimes in unintended ways) • Surrounding land use pattern (density, open space) • http://www.google.com/#hl=en&expIds=25567,25657,27015&sugexp=ldymls&xhr=t&q=Elena+G.+Irwin%2C+Urban+Ecology+Workshop%2C+May+18-20%2C+2006&cp=55&pf=p&sclient=psy&site=&source=hp&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=Elena+G.+Irwin%2C+Urban+Ecology+Workshop%2C+May+18-20%2C+2006&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=a29c82155c57878e

  7. NY Land Cover: Mostly Forest and Cropland

  8. Land Cover:Forested Areas 5 acres or More

  9. Supercession

  10. Who Owns Land, What Use? 90% of the state’s undeveloped rural land could be classified as active agriculture (41%), forest land (41%) or idle farm land (8%)

  11. Who Owns Land & Why? 10-12% of owners expect to sell in 5-10 years 2005 data see http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/publications/upload/03-2007-Reports.pdf

  12. Resident Survey – 21 Pennsylvania counties and eight New York counties See http://extension.psu.edu/naturalgas/webinars

  13. Private & Public Landowners: Gas Leases in Broome County QUESTION: How many acres of land in Broome County are currently leased to natural gas companies? ANSWER: More than 85,000 acres of landin Broome County are currently leased to natural gas companies (approx 19%) QUESTION: How many acres of land in Broome County are currently included in private coalitions formed for the purpose of securing natural gas leases? ANSWER: According to information from coalitions, more than 150,000 acres. QUESTION: How many acres of land does the County own? ANSWER: Broome County owns between 5,500 to 6,000 acres of land. http://www.gobroomecounty.com/files/gasresources/pdfs/Natural%20Gas%20Development%20Team%20Q&A%2007_29_10%281%29.pdf Document dated 07/29/10

  14. Direct Energy Production Footprints - Example Alternative Energy: Facts Statistics and Issues Paula Bernstein 2001 and Generating Electricity from Renewables: Crafting Policies that Achieve Society's Goals https://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Generating_Electricity_from_Renewables.pdf BUT – HOW ARE THESE FOOTPRINTS DEFINED – electricity generation only, exclusivity of use considered?

  15. Immediate impact - surface disturbance • Replaces or impacts existing uses (forest/farm/residential, etc.), creates runoff/drainage impacts, forest and sometimes farm field fragmentation, roads ease access for other uses (eg. hunters, hikers, future development?), access for invasive species, etc.

  16. Indirect: Renewable Fuels Roadmap and Sustainable Biomass Feedstock Supply for NY Potential: 1 - 1.68 million acres of non-forest land to be used for bioenergy feedstock production in New York. Forest lands: 18.5 million acres, of which nearly 15.8 capable of producing woody biomass http://www.nyserda.org/publications/renewablefuelsroadmap/Report_10_05_Renewable%20Fuels%20Roadmap.pdf

  17. Renewable Fuels Roadmap and Sustainable Biomass Feedstock Supply for NY “Indirect land use change is a complex and controversial topic with respect to biofuels, and is currently centered around carbon/GHG emissions accounting.” To what extent does increase demand for biomass cause changes (e.g through price mechanisms) in land use in other places? http://www.nyserda.org/publications/renewablefuelsroadmap/Report_10_05_Renewable%20Fuels%20Roadmap.pdf

  18. Gas Impacts: Key Factors Immediate land use impacts– number & density of drill pads, pipelines & access roads Other environmental impacts – number & density of wells, pipelines, water used per well, flowback water Immediate economic impacts– number of wells, payments to local workers, businesses, landowners For all – scale and pace of development also matters! Many hundreds of thousands of wells throughout Marcellus region IF maximum hypothetical saturation occurs Over what time period? For all – duration of each stage of development also matters Exploration and development vs. production vs. reclamation

  19. Planning issues, longer term issues • *Responding to boom/bust eg. Housing, road use, property values & taxes, other infrastructure & public service needs • *Induced effects • What kinds of changes will changed landscapes, pipelines, roads lead to? • what will businesses, farmers, forestland owners, other landowners do with bonus and royalty income? How will drilling change long run landowner incentives to subdivide, develop, retire, stay in/leave farming, invest in property, etc?

  20. Towns With Comprehensive Plans and Zoning 2002 Comprehensive plans Zoning

  21. Regional Planning, State Agencies

  22. LULA Land Use Leadership Alliance Promotes regional networking Promotes understanding of land use system – how it works and how it could work Promotes understanding of community decision making with controversial land use issues

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