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Participant expectations and researcher bias. Qualitative Research Taken largely from the IB Psychology Course Companion. Humans do not respond passively to the research they are participating in. Humans do not respond passively to the research they are participating in.
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Participant expectations and researcher bias Qualitative Research Taken largely from the IB Psychology Course Companion
Humans do not respond passively to the research they are participating in.
Humans do not respond passively to the research they are participating in. • Research is an active process.
Participant expectations • Participant expectations are the ideas that participants may have of the research and the researcher. • How might this influence research results?
Researcher bias • Researcher bias can occur when the researcher does not pay enough attention to the participants. • This could lead to the researcher’s own beliefs determining the research process. • Can you think of an example of when this might occur?
Researcher bias • It is important that the participant’s beliefs and perceptions are given priority over the researcher’s own.
The “reality” in a research study is multiple and co-constructed.
How could the effect of participant expectations and researcher bias be minimized?
How could the effect of participant expectations and researcher bias be minimized? • One way to minimize the effects is reflexivity throughout the research process.
The importance of credibility in qualitative research • What makes research credible? • Is there a difference between what makes qualitative and quantitative research credible?
The importance of credibility in qualitative research • Credibility in qualitative research is linked to the concept of trustworthiness.
The importance of credibility in qualitative research • Credibility of research is established when the findings of the research reflect the meanings as they are described by the participants.
Sandelowski (1993) argues that the issues of validity in qulaitative research should not be linked to truth or value, but rather to trustworthiness.
Qualitative researchers could check whether their accounts are credible by referring to others’ interpretation of the data, or by applying other methods of analysis in relation to the same subject matter.
Effect of triangulation on the credibility/trustworthiness of qualitative research • TRIANGULATION • What is triangulation ?
Effect of triangulation on the credibility/trustworthiness of qualitative research • TRIANGULATION • What is triangulation ? • Cross-checking of information and conclusions in research, brought about by the use of multiple procedures or sources.
Method Triangulation • Comparing data that come from the use of different methods. • (Qual. & Quant. Methods)
Data Triangulation • Comparing data that comes from data gathered from other participants or other sources. • Can you think of an example?
Data Triangulation • Comparing data that comes from data gathered from other participants or other sources. • Can you think of an example? • E.g. observations and interviews
Researcher triangulation • When several researchers compare and check data collection and observations
Theory Triangulation • Looking at the data using different theoretical perspectives
Re-read pages 350-353 of the Course Companion • Using Excel (or any other format you wish), make yourself a Qualitative Research Glossary • Add all of the new terms and write a definition
Your Triangulation • Think back to the interview you conducted with another IB student. • What was your research question? • How many methods of triangulation can you think of for this research?
