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Settling New England

Settling New England. Plymouth. Founded by Puritan Separatists in 1620 Strayed off course from Virginia Mayflower Compact Formal agreement to abide by laws created by leaders People chose their leaders Half died that winter

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Settling New England

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  1. Settling New England

  2. Plymouth • Founded by Puritan Separatists in 1620 • Strayed off course from Virginia • Mayflower Compact • Formal agreement to abide by laws created by leaders • People chose their leaders • Half died that winter • The next spring, Squanto showed them how to grow maize, and they flourished • No government charter from any English authority • Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay in 1691

  3. Massachusetts Bay • Founded by Non-separating Congregationalist Puritans • Chartered in 1629 as a joint-stock company • John Winthrop, the leader of the colony, took advantage of a loophole in the charter and moved the home office to the colony, essentially giving Massachusetts Bay self-government • “A city upon a hill” • Over a period of 14 years, membership in a Puritan church replaced the purchase of stock as the means of becoming a freeman

  4. Rhode Island • Roger Williams was dissatisfied with MBC’s authority structure as reminiscent of the Church of England • Emphasized free will (“Forced worship stinks in God’s nostrils”) • Separation of church and state • Williams began to question English settlers taking Indian land • Banished to England, he slipped away to live in an Indian village • He bought land to establish Rhode Island

  5. Anne Hutchison • Began to question Puritan ministers’ “covenant of works” • Puritans in MBC felt she was undermining their social structure, and she was accused of heresy • She was a religious extremist who wanted to purify the church • It didn’t help her case that she was a woman • She was banished for blasphemy and settled in Rhode Island

  6. Pequot War • Conflicts between Indians and MBC when Indians who survived the smallpox epidemics and refused to give up their land were forced out • In 1636, MBC accused a Pequot of murdering a colonist • Colonists burned a Pequot village as revenge • Pequot men, women, and children were shot as they fled the village

  7. Pequot War • Survivors attacked the English in 1637 • The Narragansett helped the colonists defeat the Pequot (“sweet sacrifice”) • Surviving Pequot were sold into slavery in Bermuda • Pequot nation was dissolved

  8. King Philip’s War • Named for Metacomet (known as King Philip to the English) • English continually encroached on Indian territory and tried to force their beliefs and customs on them • Praying towns • In 1674, a converted Indian was found dead • 3 Wampanoags were convicted and hanged

  9. King Philip’s War • Wampanoag warriors burned Puritan farms in retaliation • An Englishman shot a Wampanoag, a group of Puritans were beheaded • MBC had to issue a conscription to protect Boston • Eventually the Wampanoag ran out of ammunition • Metacomet’s wife and son were captured and sold in Bermuda • Metacomet was killed in 1676 (his head sat on a pole n Plymouth for 20 years)

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